Exeter College MS. 35
Medica; England, ss. xiiimed–xivin
Contents
fols. 1–12 || fols. 13–36 || fols. 37–40 || fols. 41–50 || fols. 51–86 || fols. 87–235 || fols. 236–254 || fols. 255–263 || fols. 264–270
Fore- and endleaves: fol. ir blank; fol. iv note on contents, s. xixin; fol. iirv blank; fol. iiir = text, *A; iiiv ex dono, title, bookplate; fols. Iv, IIv–IIIv blank.
Physical Description
Collation
Binding
Sewn on four bands. Standard Exeter binding: simple and quite elegant, calf over millboards, the calf bearing blind decoration of a floral type, early 19th century. The spine is original but it has been removed and reattached; it is elaborately tooled, as is that of MS 33. At the foot of fol. 111 are holes which were probably caused by a chain plate. To assist consultation, sixteen tabs were attached to the first leaves of major items, perhaps, judging from ‘De…’ on the tab on fol. 229, in the 16th century.
History
Provenance and Acquisition
The volume comprises ten roughly coeval parts, A-J, preceded and followed by flyleaves. Since the leaves of B, I, and J were similarly extended at an early date, they and all the parts between them probably originated in one place and there is nothing to suggest that they were not united soon after. At some stage, however, after the columns had been numbered, some 43 leaves were lost between fols. 86 and 87, i.e. at the end of section F, and as a result cols. 472–642 are lacking.
There is no evidence about the book’s history before it was given to the College (in 1383 according to Rector’s Accounts for Trinity Term in that year), but that it was much used is suggested by extensive annotations and the means by which access to the texts was facilitated, viz. the provision of tabs and the numbering of all columns throughout to ‘1465’ (although this was done with a good deal of error in the way of omitting or repeating numbers).
Titles in a hand of s. xviiin on items F(ii) and F(iv) and the numbering of items ‘1’ to ‘25’ passim in a hand which is certainly post-medieval show that the book continued to be of interest.
Pen-trials with the name ‘Johannes Mortymer’ were written on fols. 1r and 11v at a time (s. xv/xvi) when the book was certainly at Exeter, but he has not been identified as an Exeter man (fol. 1r ‘Ego Johannes mortymer portaba…’; (fol. 11v) ‘Johannes mortymer versus. Fert flaue regnant floret ...’).
The gift of the book to the College is recorded on fol. iiiv, ‘Hunc librum dedit magister Henricus Whitefeld Rectori et Scolaribus de Stapeldonhall Oxon’ ad vsum studij eorundem dumtaxat et eorum successorum’ and on fol. 1r, ‘Liber de Stapeldenhall Ex dono magistri Henrici Whitefelde.’ On Whitefeld, still alive and archdeacon of Barnstaple in 1384 and joint donor also of MS 28 above, see BRUO.
At the foot of fol. 1 and on fol. 270v is ‘ES’ and at the foot of fol. 2r are five names, ‘Whiddon’, ‘Stroude’, ‘Hipslye’, ‘Merscer’, and ‘Dod’, in a hand of s. xviiin. Francis Whiddon, John Strode, and Thomas Dod are recorded as donors of plate to the College in Boase1, lix, Boase2, 277, Dod’s gift being dated 1620. Merscer may be Robert Mercer, who matriculated in 1619 and died in 1623 (ibid. 98). For several Hippisleys, s. xviimed, see Boase1, pt. 2, 157.
Not recorded in Ecloga or CMA.
Exeter library identifications are, on the front pastedown, bookplate 3 on which are ‘P8—4 Gall’ (deleted), ‘172–E–4’, ‘MSS XXXV’ (pencil). On fol. iiiv are bookplate 1, and ‘2’.
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part *A (fol. iii)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
A leaf from another book, probably the second page of capitula, here used as a flyleaf. The beginnings of lines are lost in the inner margin and a good deal of the text is further lost by rubbing.
Physical Description
Layout
One column. 33 lines written on an unruled sheet.
Hand(s)
Bastard anglicana.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part B (fols. 1–12)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Unidentified: eTK 1186J = 1187L. The same tract is found in Cambridge, St John’s College, MS 99 item 9, headed ‘Tractatus de libro animalium. Diuisio parcium animalium.’ On the extended leaves, at the foot of fols. 5v–6r, 7v–8r, 9r, 10rv, 12v, are lists of ointments, plasters, oils, opiates, and laxatives.
Unidentified: 27 lines.
Unidentified: 26 lines. At the foot of the extended leaf is a list of compound medicines in the hand that wrote the list of ointments in items *i and *ii above.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 54 lines. Ruled in crayon.
Hand(s)
Anglicana formata, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
Plain red 2/3-line initials.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part C (fols. 13–36)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
unprinted. For other manuscripts see eTK 0327K and Wickersheimer, Suppt., 93. For a brief discussion of the problem of authorship see Wickersheimer, 204–5.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 45 lines. Ruled in crayon.
Hand(s)
An informal bookhand, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
Two-line red initials, rubrics, red paraphs. Marginalia of s. xiiiex.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part D (fols. 37–40)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Parts of the text which goes under the name Trotula, pr. in Medici antiqui (Venice, 1547), 71–80. Because of the loss of the preceding leaf our text begins in ch. 115 of the first tract of the complete text, Liber de sinthomatibus mulierum (edn., fol. 74v/20) which ends at fol. 37vb/6. After three interpolated recipes, the tract De ornatu mulierum, version 3, begins and runs to fol. 39v where it ends incomplete in ch. 214 (edn. fol. 75v/57) despite available space for continuation. Followed in the same hand by chs. 304 and 304a, beg. ‘Accipe calcem vinam sulphur uivum auripigmentum’. For these details see M. Green, ‘A handlist of the Latin and vernacular manuscripts of the so-called Trotula texts’, Scriptorium, 50 (1996), 137–75, no. 76, and on the history of the text see ead., ‘The development of the Trotula’, Revue d’histoire des textes, 26 (1996), 110–203, in which our manuscript is no. 76. Further parts of De ornatu mulierum are G(ix) below. Note that (i) our manuscript having been refoliated, folio numbers cited by Green should be reduced by one digit; and (ii) that our text is in a different order from parts of the text of the 1547 edn.
Kibre, Hippocrates Latinus, XX.A.2k.
Not identifiable in Kibre, Hippocrates Latinus, xx.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 64 lines. Ruled in crayon.
Hand(s)
Written in anglicana, and punctuated by low point.
Decoration
Rubrics; 2-line red initials in (ii) and (iii).
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part E (fols. 41–50)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
eTK 0990B (this only), and W. Schum, Beschreibendes Verzeichniß der Amplonianischen Handschriften-Sammlung zu Erfurt (Berlin, 1887), 442 (MS Q.185), item 4, beg. ‘Quoniam ea que sunt utilia’.
ed. R. Creutz (Berlin, 1940), J. L. G. Mowat, Alphita: A Medico-Botanical Glossary from the Bodleian Manuscript Selden B.35 (Oxford, 1887), 7–199 (which is substantially the same as that published by Renzi, iii. 271–321); eTK 0990B (this only) and cf. eTK 0086I.
pr. OHI 9 (1928), 186–200; eTK 0036K.
The text is followed on fol. 50r by diagrams in the scribe’s hand which are part of the text (edn. figs. 2, 3) and on fol. 50v by ‘De modo dispensandi medicinas saponitas’ (8 lines) and figurae divisiones and other medical notes. On Bacon see Sharpe, Latin Writers.
Physical Description
Layout
Fols. 41–46r: four columns, 59 lines. Ruled in hardpoint.
Fols. 46v–50v: two columns, 48 lines. Ruled in crayon.
Hand(s)
Fols. 41–46r: Written in an informal bookhand, unpunctuated.
Fols. 46v–50v: The script is anglicana, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
fol. 50r: diagrams in the scribe’s hand which are part of the text.
Fols. 41–46r: The only colour is red bracketing.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part F (fols. 51–86)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
pr. Padua, 1484 (GW 268, Hain, 103); ed. L. Choulant, Aegidii Corboliensis carmina medica (Leipzig, 1826), 21–43. eTK 1181I, 0744C; WIC 9332. On the author see Wickersheimer, 196–7, and Suppt., 90–1. Contemporary distinctiones. In the lower margins, in the same hand as wrote notes at the foot of leaves in B*i–iii, are figurae divisiones concerning pulse.
Unidentified. The incipit, fol. 68r, is preceded on fol. 67v by a large circular diagram, distinctiones, and verses on the four temperaments, beg. ‘Largus amans hyllaris’, eTK 0811N, WIC 10131, ed. L. Thorndike, Traditio, 11 (1955), 179.
At the end on fol. 68v are nine recipes in another hand.
Unidentified.
Followed by seven recipes, four in one hand, two in a second hand, and one in a third hand.
a list of equivalent substitutes in pharmacy
eTK 1274A. A version of the text is pr. in Mesue, Opera (Venice, 1562), fols. 439r–42v.
Followed by three recipes in two contemporary hands, rubbed and largely illegible.
pr. Padua, 1483 (GW 269, Hain/Copinger/Reichling, 100), etc.; ed. Choulant, as item F(i) above, 3–18; eTK 0422D; WIC 4432. On the author see Wickersheimer, 196–7, and Suppt., 90–1. At the top of fol. 71r is ‘Egidius de urinis’ in the hand that wrote a title on item (iv). Contemporary marginalia.
WIC 19272 (this MS only). In all, 96 lines of verse, in elegaic couplets with hexameters picked out in red. Three other hands, not much later in date, added two, six, and eight lines respectively. The subjects of the verses are noted in the margins: ‘signa critica’, ‘membra officialia’, ‘typus pondera’, ‘typi febrium’.
A gap in the numbers of the columns shows that some forty-three leaves are missing from the book at this point: see History, below.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 55 lines to a full page of commentary, number variable when text is on same page. Ruled in hardpoint.
Hand(s)
Rotunda bookhand, the version used for the commentary differing from that used for the text only in size. The text, in a larger size, is written on every second line. Punctuated by low point.
Glossing in the lower margin is in anglicana.
Decoration
67v: diagram.
Red paraphs and stroking.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part G (fols. 87–235)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
in the version of Philippus Tripolitanus
ed. R. Möller, Hiltgart von Hürnheim, Mittelhochdeutsche Prosaübersetzung des “Secretum Secretorum” (Berlin, 1963), 1–164. For the large number of manuscripts, for early and modern editions, and for bibliography, see PAL, no. 81B. Our text begins at edn. 16/11 (ch. 1) and ends 160/20 (ch. 76). Between fols. 93 and 98 a quire of four leaves from another manuscript, s. xiv, has been inserted. It covers the text (with some variations) from ch. 50 ‘et siccitatem’ to ch. 54 ‘sicut predictum est’ (edn. 90/9–100/21) and ends with capitula. Since the text on the added leaves is already in the book and the relevant column numbers in the latter have been written into the added capitula, it may be that the leaves were added for the sake of the capitula. That does not explain why as many as four leaves were added, for the bifolium now numbered as fols. 95 and 96 would have sufficed. Perhaps the recipes added in s. xv on fols. 96v–97r were thought to be of value. They are (fol. 96v) ‘Accipe radices petrosolini brusci … et venenum expellitur’ and (fol. 97r two other recipes and a macaronic Latin-English-French list of herbs. Fol. 97v is blank.
pr. Monza, 1498 (Hain, 4811) etc.; eTK 0317F. On the author see Wickersheimer, 720–1 and Suppt., 263. At the top of fol. 102r the scribe wrote ‘Assit principio sancta Maria meo.’
Unidentified; on diet. eTK 0326M (this only).
At the top of fol. 108r the scribe wrote ‘Aue Maria gracia plena dominus tecum. benedicta tu tecum. Ihesus amen’ and ‘Ihesus’.
part ed. H. H. Beusing, Das Leben und Werke des Richardus Anglicus (diss., Univ. of Leipzig, 1922). This forms the fifth part of Ricardus’s Micrologus; eTK 0561M. On the author, a master of Bologna, d. after 1226, see Wickersheimer, 694–8, and Suppt., 256–7; Talbot and Hammond, 270–2; Sharpe, Latin Writers, s.n. Richard the Englishman.
Our text is one of a number of abbreviations of the standard text pr. in Mesue, Opera, Venice, 1495 (Hain, *11111) and other early edns., eTK 1423A. It is dealt with by Walton O. Schalick, III, Add one part pharmacy to one part surgery and one part medicine: Jean de Saint-Amand and the Development of Medieval Pharmacy in thirteenth-century Paris (Ph.D. diss., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, 1997), 286–7. On Johannes see also Wickersheimer, 476–8, and Suppt., 179–80. There are many contemporary marginalia.
pr. Venice, 1505; eTK 0325J. Wickersheimer, 203, and Suppt., 92–3. Guide wording for the rubricator is at the foot of each column, sometimes cropped. There are contemporary marginalia.
unprinted; eTK 1483B. Wickersheimer, 191–2, and Suppt., 88–9; Talbot and Hammond, 58–60; Sharpe, Latin Writers. The Ægidius text consists only of extended lemmata. There are contemporary marginalia.
version 3.
See M. Green, cited at D(1) above, for parts of another copy. Green notes that a recipe at the top of fol. 228r includes a reference to ‘mulieres gallice’.
pr. Padua, 1476 (GW686, Hain, p. 57, Hain/Copinger, 522); ed. A. Borgnet, Opera omnia, v (Paris, 1890), 1–103. Our text ends in the tenth line of bk. 1 tract 2, edn. 30ª/10. Our manuscript is L.1 in section 17 (Mineralia) in W. Fauser, Die Werke des Albertus Magnus in ihrer handschriftlichen Überlieferung. Teil 1. Die echten Werke (Aschendorff, 1982), 75. eTK 0368M.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 63 lines. Ruled in crayon.
except for fols. 94–7: one column, 45 lines. Ruled in crayon.
Hand(s)
Anglicana in several hands, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
Two/four-line red initials, rubrics, underlining.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part H (fols. 236–254)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
WIC 5927 (this copy only). Ends fol. 236r.
fols. 236v–7v are a palimpsest and nothing is recoverable by ultraviolet light.
ed. K. Sudhoff, ‘Ein anonymer Traktat über die Abführwirkung verschiedener Arzneistoffe aus dem 13. Jahrhundert’, Archiv für die Geschichte der Medizin, 11 (1919), 212–13; eTK 0599C. Sudhoff’s text, not quite identical to ours, occupies only fol. 238ra of our manuscript and is then followed, without a break and to the end of the verso of the leaf, by further text. Running titles at the foot of each column of fol. 238rv suggest that the text was thought to be continuous — ‘de defeccione appetitus’, ‘de canino appetitu’, ‘de irracionabili appetitu’, ‘de defeccione appetitus’. Apparent gaps caused by erasure lead to no loss: the membrane having been palimpsested, the scribe avoided writing on damaged bits. On the author see Wickersheimer, Suppt., 184; he is not to be confused with Jean Pontii, d. 1427.
D. W. Singer, Catalogue of Latin and Vernacular Alchemical Manuscripts in Great Britain and Ireland, ii (Brussels, 1930), no. 1017 (this manuscript).
eTK 1616K. Essentially the same work, although shorter, as the anonymous text ed. by L. Elaut, Osiris, 13 (1958), 184–209, from Namur, Bibliothèque du Musée archéologique, MS 50. On the author see Wickersheimer, 493–4, and Suppt., 186; Sharpe, Latin Writers. Also attributed to Guido Paratus: see eTK 1413F.
eTK 0943M (this MS and BL, MS Sloane 3550 fols. 85v–9v). Wickersheimer, 171, notes our text as one of a number of tracts on urine which are attributed to Walter.
eTK 0792L. Wickersheimer, 170–3, at 171, and Suppt., 80–1.
Followed by (fol. 249ra) figura divisionis concerning urine and (fol. 249rb) a uroscopy listing.
unprinted. This forms the second part of Ricardus’s Micrologus. eTK 1205G; WIC 15458. On the author and for other manuscripts see sources noted under item G(iv) above.
pr. Arnaldus de Villa Nova, Opera omnia (Lyons, 1504), 298va–9ra. eTK 0548I. On the author and for other manuscripts see under item G(iv) above. Followed by four recipes.
Authorship is uncertain. Wickersheimer, 307 and 460, states that Johannes de Parma is really Hugo de Parma, master regent at the faculty of medicine in Paris in 1272–4. No extant works are known. In a letter, Dr Walton O. Schalick, III (for whose thesis see item G(v) above) tentatively suggests that since our tract shows a fairly narrow use of contemporary sources based on Paris, the author may be Johannes de Sancto Amando, chronologically close to Johannes / Hugo de Parma.
Followed by twelve recipes.
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, c. 65 lines. Ruled in pencil.
Hand(s)
Written in anglicana, and punctuated by low point.
Decoration
1/5-line red initials, rubrics, underlining.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part I (fols. 255–263)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
Consists of twenty verses; eTK 0329H (recording the same text in Vendôme, Bibl. mun., MS 200, fol. 3).
ch. VII, ‘De somniferis et sublimationibus’, beg. ‘Confectio saporis a cyrurgia facienda secundum dominum Hugonem sic fit’
see E. Perrenon, Die Chirurgie des Hugo von Lucca ... Inaugural Dissertation ... zur Erlangung der Doctorwürde in der Medicin und Chirurgie, Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität zu Berlin (Berlin, 1899), 23. eTK 0245M (this only, not identified). On Hugh see Wickersheimer, 306–7.
pr. Mesue opera, 1523, etc. ed. Renzi, iv. 416–38. Our text continues for twenty-eight lines beyond the end of Renzi’s text, which ends ‘cum cocleario salis’ (fol. 262vb/3). For the various ascriptions of authorship see eTK 0691A.
from the Antidotarium of Nicholas Salernitanus, following the order of that text but with shorter entries ‘Aurea Alexandrina’ to ‘Trifera maior’.
The full text was pr. with Mesue, etc. Venice, 1471 (Hain 11764), etc. eTK 0490B.
Unidentified; brief notes only.
Pr. in all edns. of Arnaldus after 1504; by Renzi, ii (1853), 74–80; in English translation by H. E. Sigerist, Henry E. Sigerist on the History of Medicine, ed. F. Marti-Ibañes (New York, 1960), 131–40, at 134–40. Kibre, Hippocrates Latinus, 232–3, lists manuscripts and records the variant incipits. For a view of the text, and references, see M. R. McVaugh, ‘Bedside manners in the Middle Ages’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 71 (1997), 201–23.
An antidotary, sometimes called Flos dietarum and sometimes attributed to Arnaldus de Villa Nova (eTK 0268H) but also to Johannes de S. Paulo (eTK 0269A); the latter ed. H. J. Ostermuth, "Flores dietarum": eine salernitanische Nahrungsmittel Diätatik aus dem XII. Jahrhundert. Inaugural Dissertation, Univ. of Leipzig (Leipzig, 1919).
Physical Description
Layout
Two columns, 46 lines. Ruled in pencil.
Hand(s)
Anglicana, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
There are 2/4-line red initials, red paraphs and rubrics.
History
Exeter College MS. 35 – Part J (fols. 264–270)
Contents
Language(s): Latin
as identified by Wickersheimer, Suppt., 179. eTK 1308I, this MS only. Dr Walton O. Schalick, III, identifies it, however, as an abbreviation of Johannes de S. Amando’s Areolae: see his thesis (as at item G(v) above), 295.
Followed by two recipes for hernia and one for fistula.
Physical Description
Layout
One column, 36 lines. Ruled in pencil.
Hand(s)
Anglicana, punctuated by low point.
Decoration
There are 2-line red initials, line-fillers, paraphs and underlining, and rubrics.
History
Additional Information
Record Sources
Availability
For enquiries relating to this manuscript please contact Exeter College Library.
Digital Images
Digital Bodleian (full digital facsimile)
Funding of Cataloguing
Conversion of the prindted catalogue to TEI funded by the Rector and Fellows of Exeter College.
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
Last Substantive Revision
2020-04-29: First online publication