A catalogue of Western manuscripts at the Bodleian Libraries and selected Oxford colleges

MS. Bodl. 978

Summary Catalogue no.: 27716

Contents

Language(s): Middle English with Latin

(fols. 1r–3v)

Paper flyleaves, mostly blank (see Provenance).

1. (fols. 4r–168v)

[item 1 occupies quires I–XXI]

Oon of Foure

Starting with the prologue with a rubric (ed. Smith (1985)).

Rubric: þe prolog on a book made of þe four gospelis
Rubric: (fol. 4v) here bigynneþ oon of four. þat is oo book of alle foure gospelleris gadred schorli in to oo stori bi clement of lantony. And þis book is in xij partis. þis is þe first parte
Final rubric: here endeþ oon of foure þat is oo book of alle foure gospelleris gadred schortli in to oon story bi clement of lantony

Running titles in red on both rectos and versos identifying the five parts, e.g., ‘þe firste parte’. Chapter numbers as red Arabic numerals. References to gospels in the margins in red or black. Indexing letters, probably added, in the margins. The beginnings of lections are marked with black paraphs highlighted with yellow wash, probably added. The beginnings of most lections are also accompanied by added notes in English or Latin, identifying feasts for which the lections are intended, e.g., ‘vigilia Iohannis baptiste’ (fol. 6r), ‘to andru day’ (fol. 26v), ‘feria 6 epiphanie’ (fol. 27r), apparently in the hand responsible for the added table of lections (see below). Added glosses, identifying episodes in the narrative in English or Latin, in the same hand, and added drawings illustrating the text, apparently also in the same hand (e.g., drawings of a snake for ‘edderis’ (fol. 14v), axe for ‘axe’ (fol. 15r), jars at the beginning of the narrative about the wedding feast in Cana (fol. 19r), etc.; see Scott, K. L. (gen. ed.), An index of images in English manuscripts from the time of Chaucer to Henry VIII, c.1380–c.1509: the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 3 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000–02), for a full list. Dark ink, yellow wash, and occasionally red ink are used for both drawings and glosses. Corrections and erasures, some by the original scribe. Fol. 169 is ruled but blank.

2. (fols. 170r–181v)

[item 2 occupies quire XXII]

Table of lections of Type II, with readings from both Old Testament and New Testament, added in the hand responsible for most liturgical and other added notes in the margins
Rubric: adventus

The temporal is followed by a short sanctoral, common and commemorations. The entries consist of the name of the liturgical occasion, the opening words of a reading, abbreviated reference to a book and chapter of the Bible and an indexing letter. Most entries for readings from the gospels do not include an indexing letter for the gospels, but instead references to a part, chapter and indexing letter of Oon of Foure. The opening words of the readings are those of WB, not Oon of Foure. The quire on which the table is written is probably added: unlike most quires it contains 12 leaves and its parchment is thinner than elsewhere.

3. (fols. 182r–285v)

[item 3 occupies quires XXIII–XXXVI]

Catholic epistles, Acts and the Apocalypse in the Later Version of the Wycliffite Bible, in an unusual order, with usual prologues

Running titles and chapter numbers in red. Indexing letters in the margins, most accompanied by notes in Latin identifying feasts for which the readings were intended.

(fol. 182r)
1 John
Rubric: þe first epistle of Ion Capitulum primum
(fol. 187v)
2 John
(fol. 188r)
3 John
Rubric: þe þridde epistle of Io(n) capitulum primum
(fol. 188v)
1 Peter
(fol. 194v)
2 Peter
Rubric: here bigynneþ þe 2 epistle of petre
(fol. 198v)
James
Rubric: þe epistles of Iames
(fol. 209r)
Jude
Rubric: þe epistle of Iudas capitulum primum
(fol. 205v)
Prologue to Acts
Rubric: þe prolog of þe actus
Incipit: Luke of antioche
(fol. 206r)
Acts
(fol. 265r)
Prologue to Apocalypse
Rubric: þe prolog of þe apocalips
Incipit: Alle men þat wolen
(fol. 268r)
Apocalypse
Rubric: þe apocalips capitulum primum
Final rubric: Here endeþ þe apocalips

Fols. 286–291v are paper flyleaves (see Provenance).

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: parchment, paper flyleaves
Extent: 291 leaves, c.
Dimensions (leaf): 128 × 95 mm.
, trimmed in rebinding, occasionally causing the loss of marginal text and decoration
Foliation: modern in pencil, 1–48 + unnumbered leaf + 49–78 + unnumbered leaf + 79–289 + 280–291

Collation

(fols. 1–3) paper flyleaves | (fols. 4–169) I–XXI (8) | (fols. 170–181) XXII (12) added quire | (fols. 182–285) XXIII–XXXV (8) | (fols. 286–285) XXXVI (10) incorrect foliation after fol. 289, see Foliation | (fols. 286–291) XXXVII (6) paper flyleaves. Catchwords survive; signatures a–x in quires I–XXI; medieval leaf signatures in the added quire; signatures aa-o in quires XXIII–XXXVI. The outer bifolium in quire XII (fols. 90–97) is misbound as the second bifolium. There are notes on fols. 90r and 91v by the original rubricator pointing this out.
Secundo Folio: ‘partis þis is’ (fol. 2r)

Layout

ruled in ink for a single column with single vertical and double horizontal bounding lines extending the full height and width of page; 24 lines per page; prickings survive; written space: c. 103 × 65 mm.

Hand(s)

textura, black ink

Decoration

3- to 4-line plain blue initials at the beginnings of biblical books and 2- to 3-line similar initials at the beginnings of chapters; 7-line initial at the beginning of the Apocalypse.

Many initials include added drawings, mostly human faces and figures illustrating the text (see Scott, K. L. (gen. ed.), An index of images in English manuscripts from the time of Chaucer to Henry VIII, c.1380–c.1509: the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 3 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000–02) for a full list). Added drawings in the margins (see Text).

Rubrics in red.

Binding

Brown leather over pasteboard. Gilt fillet-line and roll border with floral corner-pieces on both covers. Four raised bands on spine framed by gilt decoration. ‘978’ in white paint on spine. Edges of textblock dyed green. Upper pastedown of laid paper; lower pastedown removed; laid paper flyleaves.

History

Origin: England ; 14th century, late, or 15th century, early

Dialect survey (epistles, Acts and the Apocalypse):

  • ony(10), ich(10), fier(9)/fire(1), ȝouen(10), lijf(10), lik(8)/like(2), mych(4)/ mich(6), sauȝ(9)/saw(1) (sg.), sawen(6)/sauȝ(1) (pl.), self(10), such(7), þouȝ(1), þoʳ(1)
  • -iþ(6)/-eþ(4) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(10) (pres.ind.pl.), -yng(3)/-ing(7) (pres. part.), sche(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), hem(6) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)

Provenance and Acquisition

Added table of lections, marginal glosses and liturgical notes in Latin and English, and drawings in the margins and in the initials, all early 15th century.

Homly Chomdesly ’, 17th century, fols. 291v and 290v.

‘To my loving ffriend Mr James Laurence at hereford’, 17th century, fol. 291v.

W(illia)m Abrahall His Booke 1711’ and ‘W(illia)m Abrahall His Book 1797’ (fol. 3v); ‘1692’ (fol. 287v); ‘1726’ (fol. 289v).

Robert Jones of Peterstow, co. Hereford, who took his BA degree at Trinity College, Oxford, in 1728, and his MA in 1731 (Foster, J., Alumni Oxonienses: the members of the University of Oxford, 1715–1886, 4 vols (London: Joseph Foster; Oxford: Parker and Co., 1887–88), vol. 2, p. 771). Table of contents on the upper pastedown, followed by ‘Lib. Bibl. Bodl. ex dono Rob. Jones A.B. e Coll. Trin. Oxon’.’

Bodleian Library: given by Jones. Earlier shelfmarks: ‘Arch. D. 112’ (fol. 3v), ‘Arch. E. 120’ (fol. 4r), ‘Super. C. Art. 15.’ (fol. 3r).

Record Sources

Elizabeth Solopova, Manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible in the Bodleian and Oxford College Libraries , Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016), no. 10. Previously described:

Digital Images

Digital Bodleian (2 images from 35mm slides)

Bibliography

    Madan, F., Summary catalogue of western manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, vol. 5 (collections received during the second half of the 19th century and miscellaneous MSS acquired between 1695 and 1890) nos. 24331–31000 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1905), no. 27716.
    Smith, P. M., ‘An edition of parts I–V of the Wycliffite translation of Clement of Llanthony’s Latin gospel harmony Unum ex Quattuor known as Oon of Foure (PhD thesis, University of Southampton, 1985).
    Pearsall, D. and Scott, K. L. (eds), Piers Plowman: a facsimile of Bodleian Library, Oxford, MS. Douce 104 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1992), p. lxxxv, no. 5.
    Scott, K. L., ‘Limning and book-producing terms and signs in situ in late-medieval English manuscripts: a first listing’, in Beadle, R. and Piper, A. J. (eds), New science out of old books: studies in manuscripts and early printed books in honour of A. I Doyle (Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1995), pp. 142–88 at p. 165 n. 21.
    Kerby-Fulton, K. and Despres, D. L., Iconography and the professional reader: the politics of book production in the Douce Piers Plowman (Minneapolis and London: University of Minnesota Press, 1999), pp. 30, 33, 139, 217 n. 114, figs. 40–2.
    Morey, J. H., Book and verse: a guide to Middle English biblical literature (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2000), siglum OF.
    Scott, K. L. (gen. ed.), An index of images in English manuscripts from the time of Chaucer to Henry VIII, c.1380–c.1509: the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 3 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000–02), vol. 1, p. 81, no. 351.
    Dove, M., The first English Bible: the text and context of the Wycliffite versions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 299.
    Raschko, M., ‘‘Oon of Foure’: harmonizing Wycliffite and Pseudo-Bonaventuran approaches to the Life of Christ’, in Johnson, I. and Westphall, A. F. (eds), The Pseudo-Bonaventuran Lives of Christ: exploring the Middle English tradition (Turnhout: Brepols, 2013), pp. 341–73 at 363–4.

Last Substantive Revision

2023-03-24: Add Solopova description.