MS. Douce 369
Summary Catalogue no.: 21944
Physical Description
Binding
Nineteenth-century binding made for Douce (Gillam (1984)), red velvet over boards. Six raised bands on spine. Gilt (flaking) decorations (vases) and lettering on spine ‘ANTIENT | ENGLISH | BIBLE’ and ‘MSS 14 CENT’. Pastedowns and flyleaves made from blue paper with white floral designs; further flyleaves of laid paper with watermarks. Edges of textblock speckled red.
History
Provenance and Acquisition
Biblical books in both parts are numbered in the upper right corner in medieval hands; see fols. 100r, 101r, 109r, 146r, 357r, 463r. The first clearly visible number is ‘5’ on fol. 16r, which shows that the books were numbered before the beginning was lost. The prologues are not numbered separately, but have the same number as the preceding or following book (e.g., the prologue to psalms has number 21 (fol. 150r), the same as preceding Job). On fol. 78v (4 Kings) number 12 is accompanied by the word ‘ezechie’, referring to the beginning of chapter 21 ‘And ezechie…’. On fol. 146r the number is outlined in red. The first clearly visible number in the second part is ‘29’ (fol. 275r) for Jeremiah.
Notes in a 16th-century hand, recording the loss of leaves at the beginning and end: ‘Thar be thes man(y) leves conteyned in this book in all [space] s(?) xxv cor lacking j lefe’ (fol. 1r); ‘Better it is to trus(?)’ (fol. 147r); ‘Thar be so man(y) lefese contained in this book in all s(?) xxv cor laking j lefe’ (fol. 486v). Pious note in the margin on fol. 203v in a different 16th-century hand: ‘Helth is þe gefte of god…’.
Francis Douce (1757–1834); see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: recorded in his accession notebook (MS. Douce e. 67, fol. 32r) under November 1818: ‘Wicliffe’s Testament MS… Triphook’ (Rogers (1975)). Initials ‘FD’ in a red circular frame (fol. 1r–v). Notes by Douce throughout (fols. i verso, ii recto, 170v, 250r, etc.).
Bodleian Library: received in 1834 with the bequest of Douce.
MS. Douce 369, fols. 1r–250v
Contents
Language(s): Middle English with Latin
Fols. i–ii are paper flyleaves, blank apart from Douce’s notes on Wyclif.
Imperfect at the beginning because of the loss of leaves. Prologues to psalms appear at the end of quire XVIII. The second of the two prologues occupies three-quarters of the first column on the last page of this quire (fol. 150v), the rest of the page is left blank and psalms start on a new quire. The books are numbered in a contemporary hand as shown in brackets after each title (see also Provenance). Running titles in black in the upper left margin, usually only on the versos, consisting of abbreviated titles of books without chapter numbers. Occasionally rubrics in red or black, in English or Latin, by the scribes, rubricator or added in contemporary hands (see below). Chapter numbers in black (occasionally in red) in the margins at the beginning of each chapter in Arabic numerals, preceded by ‘c(apitulu)m’. The contents of the chapters are summarised in Latin verses (two for each chapter) in the lower margins of pages containing the beginnings of chapters. The verses are laid out in long lines and rhyme at the end and at caesura. Such two-line verse summaries are in a smaller, more informal script, in a hand different from those of the main scribes, and are preceded by chapter numbers in Arabic numerals. The ruling for the verses (thick brown plummet) is similar to the ruling elsewhere in the manuscript (e.g., fols. 6v, 15v–16r, 189r, 193r). Occasionally the ruling is provided where the verses are absent (e.g., fols. 42v, 121r, 122r, etc.). Starting with fol. 132v the chapter numbers that accompany the verses are in red, and the verses are enclosed in red brackets. The verse summaries are absent in psalms and after fol. 206r (from chapter 47 of Ecclesiasticus onwards), though the ruling is provided up to fol. 208r. The lections are occasionally marked with a red bracket in the margin and sometimes with the opening and final letters of the passage written in red in the margins. Added material within the text is occasionally underlined faintly in brown ink (e.g., Jeremiah 8:7, fol. 230r).
Many corrections in the margins in contemporary hands, including cancellations, additions and substitutions of words or short phrases. Some corrections are stylistic or grammatical; particularly frequent are the substitution of ‘þe whiche’ for ‘þe’ or ‘þat’, the insertion of the article ‘þe’ and the future modal ‘schal’ (e.g., fols. 193r, 198r–v, 200r, 202r, 203r, 224v). Other examples are ‘resteyȝede’ for ‘restide’ (fol. 65r), ‘hadde taken’ for ‘tok’ (fol. 80r), ‘made of nou3t’ for ‘foormede’ (fol. 219v). Other contemporary marginal additions include: cross-references between biblical books (e.g., fols. 117r–v, 222r, 223v); notes providing the Latin version of a phrase (e.g., ‘optaui et datus’, fol. 187v; ‘melior est iniquitas…’, fol. 205r; ‘clama ne cesses’, fol. 224r) and ‘nota’ (fols. 184r, 185r, 194v, 223r, 229r etc.). Contemporary pointing hands and ‘hedera’ signs in the margins, some in red ink (fol. 146v), occasionally accompanied by notes referring to the content of passages (e.g., ‘heritage of prestis’, fol. 206r), or drawing attention to them (‘noteþ weel’, fol. 230r; ‘marke weel’, fol. 230v). Some notes are on scrolls or outlined in red ink (fol. 68r); many partially cropped off.
[quires I–XVIII]
Imperfect at the beginning.
17th-century note concerning the loss of leaves (see Provenance).
Missing 1:21–4:4, because of the loss of a leaf after fol. 32
Rubrics concerning the differences between the Latin and English texts in brown ink.
[quires XIX–XXX]
Laid out as prose with verses starting with alternating red or blue initials.
A leaf is missing before the start of psalms, but there is no obvious loss of text. Liturgical divisions are not marked. English titles in red. Numbers and Latin incipits in the margins in a contemporary hand, but not by the main scribe. Verses on the psalter (9 lines) are added in the lower margin in the hand responsible for Latin verse chapter summaries: Post Iob psalmorum codex debet stituari Dic sibi iunguntur prouerbia quam salomonis…
Speakers identified in red.
‘explicit’ and ‘prologus’ added by the hand which corrected the text.
Preceding ‘I seide in þe myddel of my daȝes…’.
Note concerning the authorship of Nicholas Hereford at the end (see Provenance). Fol. 250v is blank.
Physical Description
Collation
Layout
ruled in plummet for two columns with single vertical and horizontal bounding lines extending the full height and width of page; 47–56 lines per page; written space: variable, c. 245–280 × 150–160 mm. . Occasionally the ruling is visible above the horizontal bounding lines at the top of the page (e.g., fols. 63r–65r)
Hand(s)
textura. According to Forshall, J. and Madden, F. (eds), The Holy Bible … in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his followers, 4 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1850), the work of three scribes, first scribe: Numbers 20:2–Judith 6, fols. 1r–131v; second scribe: Judith 7–Esther 2:4, fols. 132r–134v; third scribe: Esther 2:5–Baruch 3:30, fols. 134v–250r. Possibly two scribes: 1r–134v and 134v–250r. Forshall and Madden believed that the last hand was identical to the last hand of MS. Bodl. 959 (1850, vol. 1, p. l), but this was questioned by Fristedt, S. L., The Wycliffe Bible, 3 vols (Stockholm: Almquvist & Wiksells, 1953–73), vol. 1, p. 88, R. W. Hunt (cited by Fristedt), and de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172. de Hamel pointed out that only the added note naming Hereford is likely to be by the last scribe of MS. Bodl. 959
Decoration
Roughly executed initials alternating deep blue with red penwork and lighter blue with red penwork. Occasionally decorated with human faces. The initials are larger at the beginnings of books (4 lines or higher) and smaller at the beginnings of chapters (most 3 lines high). The initials at the beginnings of prologues vary in size, some are similar to chapter, other to book initials. Unusual style; according to de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001) the work of an Italian artist.
Rubrics in red ink; instructions to rubricator survive (e.g., fols. 22v, 113r, etc.).
History
Dialect survey:
- (fols. 1–131v)
- any(10), eche(9)/ech(1), fijr(8)/fyir(2), ȝiue(6)/ȝiuen(1)/ȝoue(1)/ȝouen(1)/ ȝeuen(1), lif(10), lic(10), myche(10), saȝ(7) (sg.), seȝen(5) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), such(9)/suche(1), þurȝ(8)
- -iþ(2)/-eþ(8) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(8)/-e(2) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(8)/-onde(1)/ande(1) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(9)/þey(1) (3pl. pronoun, nom.), þem(6)hem(4) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), þer(10) (3pl. pronoun, possessive)
- Also: birieþ/biried (‘buried’), ha (‘have’)’, sloȝ (‘slew’)
- (fols. 132r–134v, Judith 7–Esther 2:4)
- any(1), fijr(1), ȝiuen(1)/ȝiue(6), lif(10), myche(8)/miche(1), self(10), such(2)/ suche(1), þurȝ(2)
- -eþ(6) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(5) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(10) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), þem(2)hem(8) (3pl. pronoun, oblique), þer(5) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)
- (fols. 135r–250r)
- any(10), eche(10), fyr(10), ȝiue(3)/ȝiuen(2), lif(10), lic(10), myche(10), saȝ(3) (sg.), seȝen(8) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), such(9)/suche(1), þoȝ(1), þurȝ(10)
- -ith(1)/-eþ(9) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(9)/-e(1) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(10) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), þem(4) hem(6) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), þer(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive) Also: knewȝ/kneȝ (‘knew’)
Provenance
‘Expliciᵗ translacōm Nicholay de herford’, added in a contemporary hand, fol. 250r. This hand may have been responsible for other additions in part I, such as the chapter numbers and corrections to the English text, e.g., those on fols. 249v–250r (de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172). It may also be identical to the last hand in MS. Bodl. 959 (de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172). The text in MS. Bodl. 959 may have been checked against MS. Douce 369, or a version similar to it, and corrected to bring it in conformance with this version. A break at the same point in the text occurs in MS. Bodl. 959 and Cambridge University Library MS. Ee. 1. 10.
MS. Douce 369, fols. 251r–485v
Contents
Language(s): Middle English with Latin
Missing Ezekiel 1:27–22:22 because of the loss of leaves. The books are numbered in the same way as in the first part, in the same contemporary hand, as shown in brackets after each title (see Provenance).
Preceding ‘I seide in þe midel of my days…’ (fol. 263r).
In chapter 3 ‘And þei walkiden in mydil…’ (3:24) is preceded by a rubric ‘þe se þingis þat suen I foond not in Ebrew tunge [‘tunge’ underdotted and crossed out] bookis’ in red, in the hand of the rubricator (fol. 118r).
On fol. 319r a rubric underlined in red with a blue paraph, preceding ‘þanne kyng nabugodonosor…’ (3:91): ‘Hiderto is not h(a)d in ebrue & what þinges we han putte ben translatid of þe makyng of teodosion’.
On fol. 325r a rubric underlined in red: ‘Hidre to we reeden danyel in ebru oþer þingis that suen til in to þe eende of þe boke: ben translatid of þe making of theodosyon’, preceding ‘A man was in babiloyne…’ (13:1).
Ends imperfectly at 28:15 (‘…þre tauernes whom whanne’). Fols. 486–488 are paper flyleaves, containing notes by Douce, including a list of contents of the manuscript with folio numbers.
The text contains corrections, most over erasures, in contemporary hands. Chapter numbers and running titles with chapter numbers in red by the original rubricator. Lections outlined in red and/or marked in the margins with the opening and final letters of each passage, possibly by the original rubricator. Added material within the text is consistently underlined in red. English notes in the margins in the original hand referring to the subject matter of passages (e.g., fols. 433r, 434r, 435v, 436r, etc.). Occasionally glosses in the margins in a contemporary hand providing Latin versions of phrases (fols. 288r, 392r); cross-references among biblical books (e.g., fols. 313r, 378r); and ‘nota’ (fols. 435v, 439r, etc.). Pointing hands added in the margins, 16th century (?) (e.g., fols. 270r–v, 272r, etc.).
Physical Description
Collation
Layout
ruled in ink for two columns with single horizontal and vertical bounding lines, extending the full height and width of page; 48 lines per page in the first scribe’s section and 45 in the second scribe’s section; written space: variable, c. 250–255 × 165–170 mm. ; prickings occasionally visible (e.g., fol. 274)
Hand(s)
textura; the work of two scribes, first scribe: Isaiah–Mark 5:30 (fols. 251r–391v); second scribe: the rest, fols. 392r–485v (quires XIV–XXI) and possibly most of the text on fols. 385v, 389r and corrections elsewhere in the stint of the first scribe; black and brown ink
Decoration
3- to 6-line red and blue initials with red, blue and purple penwork and penwork borders at the beginnings of books; 2- to 4-line blue initials with red penwork at the beginnings of chapters and prologues. Some initials are decorated with human and animal masks, and other zoomorphic and anthropomorphic designs (e.g., fols. 372v, 385r, 444r, 451r, 453v, 456v, 459v). Simple red line-fillers at the end of texts. Drawings of human faces in the lower margin (e.g., fols. 278v, 280v) and catchwords decorated with grotesques in the section written by the first scribe.
History
Dialect survey:
- (fols. 251r–391v)
- any(1)/eny(9), eche(8)/ech(2), fijr(9)/fire(1), ȝouen(10), lijf(4)/lif(2)/lyf(4), liche(3)/lic(4)/like(2)/liik(1), myche(6)/moche(4), seiȝ(1)/seeȝ(2)/say(3) (sg.), sayen(2)/syȝen(1)/seien(2) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), siche(4), þorwȝ(1)
- -iþ(7)/-eþ(3) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(9)/-e(1) (pres.ind.pl.), -ande(1)/-yng(1)/inge(2)/-ynge(6) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl. pronoun, nom.), hem(10) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive) Also: slowȝ (‘slow’)
- (fols. 392r–485v)
- ony(10), ech(10), fier(2)/fyer(7), ȝouun(9)/ȝouen(1), lyf(10), lychi(1)/liche(1)/ lich(1)/lyk(4), moche(10), syȝ(3) (sg.), seye(1) (pl.), silf(10), such(3)/suche(3)/ sich(2)/siche(2), þouȝ(5), þorw(5)/þorwȝ(1)
- -iþ(9)/-eþ(1) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(10) (pres.ind.pl.), -ynge(7)/-inge(3) (pres. part.), she(6)/sche(4) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), hem(10) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)
- Also: slowȝ/slouȝ (‘slew’)
Additional Information
Record Sources
Digital Images
Digital Bodleian (2 images from 35mm slides)
Bibliography
Abbreviations
View list of abbreviations and editorial conventions.
Last Substantive Revision
2023-03-24: Add Solopova description.