A catalogue of Western manuscripts at the Bodleian Libraries and selected Oxford colleges

MS. Douce 369

Summary Catalogue no.: 21944

Physical Description

Composite: fols. 1–250 || fols. 251–485

Binding

Nineteenth-century binding made for Douce (Gillam (1984)), red velvet over boards. Six raised bands on spine. Gilt (flaking) decorations (vases) and lettering on spine ‘ANTIENT | ENGLISH | BIBLE’ and ‘MSS 14 CENT’. Pastedowns and flyleaves made from blue paper with white floral designs; further flyleaves of laid paper with watermarks. Edges of textblock speckled red.

History

Provenance and Acquisition

Biblical books in both parts are numbered in the upper right corner in medieval hands; see fols. 100r, 101r, 109r, 146r, 357r, 463r. The first clearly visible number is ‘5’ on fol. 16r, which shows that the books were numbered before the beginning was lost. The prologues are not numbered separately, but have the same number as the preceding or following book (e.g., the prologue to psalms has number 21 (fol. 150r), the same as preceding Job). On fol. 78v (4 Kings) number 12 is accompanied by the word ‘ezechie’, referring to the beginning of chapter 21 ‘And ezechie…’. On fol. 146r the number is outlined in red. The first clearly visible number in the second part is ‘29’ (fol. 275r) for Jeremiah.

Notes in a 16th-century hand, recording the loss of leaves at the beginning and end: ‘Thar be thes man(y) leves conteyned in this book in all [space] s(?) xxv cor lacking j lefe’ (fol. 1r); ‘Better it is to trus(?)’ (fol. 147r); ‘Thar be so man(y) lefese contained in this book in all s(?) xxv cor laking j lefe’ (fol. 486v). Pious note in the margin on fol. 203v in a different 16th-century hand: ‘Helth is þe gefte of god…’.

Francis Douce (1757–1834); see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: recorded in his accession notebook (MS. Douce e. 67, fol. 32r) under November 1818: ‘Wicliffe’s Testament MS… Triphook’ (Rogers (1975)). Initials ‘FD’ in a red circular frame (fol. 1r–v). Notes by Douce throughout (fols. i verso, ii recto, 170v, 250r, etc.).

Bodleian Library: received in 1834 with the bequest of Douce.

MS. Douce 369, fols. 1r–250v

Contents

Language(s): Middle English with Latin

Fols. i–ii are paper flyleaves, blank apart from Douce’s notes on Wyclif.

(fols. 1r–250r)
Numbers 20:2–Baruch 3:20 in the Earlier Version of the Wycliffite Bible with usual prologues

Imperfect at the beginning because of the loss of leaves. Prologues to psalms appear at the end of quire XVIII. The second of the two prologues occupies three-quarters of the first column on the last page of this quire (fol. 150v), the rest of the page is left blank and psalms start on a new quire. The books are numbered in a contemporary hand as shown in brackets after each title (see also Provenance). Running titles in black in the upper left margin, usually only on the versos, consisting of abbreviated titles of books without chapter numbers. Occasionally rubrics in red or black, in English or Latin, by the scribes, rubricator or added in contemporary hands (see below). Chapter numbers in black (occasionally in red) in the margins at the beginning of each chapter in Arabic numerals, preceded by ‘c(apitulu)m’. The contents of the chapters are summarised in Latin verses (two for each chapter) in the lower margins of pages containing the beginnings of chapters. The verses are laid out in long lines and rhyme at the end and at caesura. Such two-line verse summaries are in a smaller, more informal script, in a hand different from those of the main scribes, and are preceded by chapter numbers in Arabic numerals. The ruling for the verses (thick brown plummet) is similar to the ruling elsewhere in the manuscript (e.g., fols. 6v, 15v–16r, 189r, 193r). Occasionally the ruling is provided where the verses are absent (e.g., fols. 42v, 121r, 122r, etc.). Starting with fol. 132v the chapter numbers that accompany the verses are in red, and the verses are enclosed in red brackets. The verse summaries are absent in psalms and after fol. 206r (from chapter 47 of Ecclesiasticus onwards), though the ruling is provided up to fol. 208r. The lections are occasionally marked with a red bracket in the margin and sometimes with the opening and final letters of the passage written in red in the margins. Added material within the text is occasionally underlined faintly in brown ink (e.g., Jeremiah 8:7, fol. 230r).

Many corrections in the margins in contemporary hands, including cancellations, additions and substitutions of words or short phrases. Some corrections are stylistic or grammatical; particularly frequent are the substitution of ‘þe whiche’ for ‘þe’ or ‘þat’, the insertion of the article ‘þe’ and the future modal ‘schal’ (e.g., fols. 193r, 198r–v, 200r, 202r, 203r, 224v). Other examples are ‘resteyȝede’ for ‘restide’ (fol. 65r), ‘hadde taken’ for ‘tok’ (fol. 80r), ‘made of nou3t’ for ‘foormede’ (fol. 219v). Other contemporary marginal additions include: cross-references between biblical books (e.g., fols. 117r–v, 222r, 223v); notes providing the Latin version of a phrase (e.g., ‘optaui et datus’, fol. 187v; ‘melior est iniquitas…’, fol. 205r; ‘clama ne cesses’, fol. 224r) and ‘nota’ (fols. 184r, 185r, 194v, 223r, 229r etc.). Contemporary pointing hands and ‘hedera’ signs in the margins, some in red ink (fol. 146v), occasionally accompanied by notes referring to the content of passages (e.g., ‘heritage of prestis’, fol. 206r), or drawing attention to them (‘noteþ weel’, fol. 230r; ‘marke weel’, fol. 230v). Some notes are on scrolls or outlined in red ink (fol. 68r); many partially cropped off.

[quires I–XVIII]

(fol. 1r)
Numbers 20:2 (4?)

Imperfect at the beginning.

Incipit: ||whanne the puple nedede water

17th-century note concerning the loss of leaves (see Provenance).

(fol. 8v)
Deuteronomy (5)
(fol. 22v)
Prologue to Joshua
Incipit: At þe laste ended þe fyue bookis of moises
(fol. 23r)
Joshua (6)
(fol. 32v)
Judges (7)

Missing 1:21–4:4, because of the loss of a leaf after fol. 32

(fol. 41r)
Ruth (8)
(fol. 42v)
Prologue to 1 Kings
Incipit: Þe tunge forsoþe
(fol. 43v)
1 Kings (9)
(fol. 56v)
2 Kings (10)
(fol. 67r)
3 Kings (11)
(fol. 78v)
4 Kings (12 and ‘ezechie’)
(fol. 89v)
Prologue to 1 Chronicles
Rubric: Prologus paralipomenon
Incipit: Iff þe making of þe seuenti
(fol. 89v)
Prologue to 1 Chronicles
Incipit: Þe boc of paralipomenon
(fol. 89v)
1 Chronicles (13)
(fol. 99v)
Prologue to 2 Chronicles
Incipit: Evsebeus ierome senden
(fol. 100r)
2 Chronicles (14)
(fol. 112r)
Prayer of Manasseh (note, added by the original scribe: ‘þis preȝeere of manasse is not in ebrue’, fol. 112v)
(fol. 112v)
Prologue to 1 Ezra
Incipit: Wheþer it be hardere
(fol. 113r)
Prologue to 1 Ezra
Incipit: Esdras et Neemye
(fol. 113r)
Commendation of Ezra
Rubric: Here folewiþ þe comendacioun of esdre
(fol. 113r)
1 Ezra (15)
(fol. 116v)
2 Ezra (16)
Rubric: Explicit liber primus. Incipit liber secundus
Final rubric: Explicit liber secundus esdre (fol. 121r)
(fol. 121r)
3 Ezra (17)
(fol. 126v)
Prologue to Tobit
Incipit: To cromacio
(fol. 126v)
Tobit (18)
(fol. 130r)
Prologue to Judith
Incipit: Anentus þe ebrues
(fol. 130r)
Prologue to Judith
Incipit: Jvdith widewe
(fol. 130r)
Judith (19)
Rubric: Explicit liber iudith (fol. 134v)
(fol. 134v)
Prologue to Esther
Incipit: Þe boc of ester to be maad vicious

Rubrics concerning the differences between the Latin and English texts in brown ink.

(fol. 134v)
Esther (20)
(fol. 139v)
Prologue to Job
Rubric: Incipit prologus in libro Iob
Incipit: I am constreyned
(fol. 140)
Prologue to Job
Incipit: Iff forsoþe a Iunket wiþ resshe
(fol. 140r)
Job (21)
Rubric: Incipit liber Iob
(fol. 149v)
Prologue to psalms
Incipit: Whan it is knowe
(fol. 150r)
Prologue to psalms
Rubric: Explicit prologus super psalterium
Incipit: Dauyd þe sone of Iesse

[quires XIX–XXX]

(fol. 151r)
Psalms (22)

Laid out as prose with verses starting with alternating red or blue initials.

Rubric: þe boc begynneþ of ympnes & solitarie spechis of þe profete dauyd of cryst

A leaf is missing before the start of psalms, but there is no obvious loss of text. Liturgical divisions are not marked. English titles in red. Numbers and Latin incipits in the margins in a contemporary hand, but not by the main scribe. Verses on the psalter (9 lines) are added in the lower margin in the hand responsible for Latin verse chapter summaries: Post Iob psalmorum codex debet stituari Dic sibi iunguntur prouerbia quam salomonis…

(fol. 174v)
Prologue to Proverbs
Incipit: To Cromacye
(fol. 174v)
Proverbs (23)
(fol. 182v)
Prologue to Ecclesiastes
Rubric: Heere gynneþ þe prologe in þe boc of eclesiates þat is to sey boc of talker to þe puple or togidere clepere
Incipit: Þis almost þe fifte
(fol. 182v)
Ecclesiastes (24?)
Rubric: heer gynneþ þe boc
(fol. 185r)
Song of Songs (25)
Rubric: heer gynneþ þe booc þat is clepid song of songis of þe bridalis of crist & of þe chirche þe chirche of þe comyng of crist spekiþ seiende

Speakers identified in red.

(fol. 186v)
Prologue to Wisdom
Rubric: heer gynneþ þe prolog in þe booc of wisdam
Incipit: Þe booc of wisdam anent ebrues noȝher is
(fol. 187r)
Wisdom (26)
Rubric: heer gynneþ þe booc
(fol. 191v)
Prologue to Ecclesiasticus
Incipit: Off manye & grete bi þe lawe and profetes

‘explicit’ and ‘prologus’ added by the hand which corrected the text.

(fol. 191v)
Ecclesiasticus (27)
(fol. 208r)
Prologue to Isaiah
Rubric: prologus
Incipit: No man whan
(fol. 208v)
Isaiah (28)
Rubric: (in chapter 38) þe scripture of ezechie king of iuda whan he hadde be syc & hadde couered of hys sycnesse

Preceding ‘I seide in þe myddel of my daȝes…’.

(fol. 226v)
Prologue to Jeremiah
Incipit: Jeremye þe profete
(fol. 227r)
Prologue to Jeremiah
Incipit: God is redi
(fol. 227r)
Jeremiah (29)
(fol. 247v)
Lamentations of Jeremiah (30?)
Rubric: her gynneþ þe lamintacoun of ieremye þat is in title cenoþ with þe soylinge out of ebru lettris
(fol. 249r)
Prayer of Jeremiah
Rubric: þe orisoun of Ieremye profete
(fol. 249r)
Prologue to Baruch
Rubric: her endeþ ieremye & ginneþ þe prolog in þe boc clepid baruch
Incipit: Þis boc þat baruch bi name is befor notid
(fol. 249r)
Baruch (31?)
Rubric: heer gynneþ þe boc

Note concerning the authorship of Nicholas Hereford at the end (see Provenance). Fol. 250v is blank.

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: parchment, generally thin, white and high quality, but sometimes rough, with tears repaired by sowing
Extent: 253 leaves, c.
Dimensions (leaf): 365 × 250 mm.
; leaves were trimmed in rebinding, frequently causing the loss of text in the margins
Foliation: foliated by Douce in brown ink; 1–74 + 75a + 75b + 76–180 + 180* + 181–187 + 187* + 188–250

Collation

(fols. i–ii) fol. i is a paper flyleaf conjoint with the upper pastedown; fol. ii is a paper flyleaf | (fols. 1–32) I–IV (8) | (fols. 33–39) V (8–1) missing 1 | (fols. 40–150) VI–XVIII (8) | (fols. 151–157) XIX (8–1) missing 1 | (fols. 158–243) XX–XXIX (8) | (fols. 244–250) XXX (8–1) missing 8. Catchwords survive; quire signatures occasionally survive (more than one set).
Secundo Folio: ‘puple shal’ (fol. 2r)

Layout

ruled in plummet for two columns with single vertical and horizontal bounding lines extending the full height and width of page; 47–56 lines per page; written space: variable, c. 245–280 × 150–160 mm. . Occasionally the ruling is visible above the horizontal bounding lines at the top of the page (e.g., fols. 63r–65r)

Hand(s)

textura. According to Forshall, J. and Madden, F. (eds), The Holy Bible … in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his followers, 4 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1850), the work of three scribes, first scribe: Numbers 20:2–Judith 6, fols. 1r–131v; second scribe: Judith 7–Esther 2:4, fols. 132r–134v; third scribe: Esther 2:5–Baruch 3:30, fols. 134v–250r. Possibly two scribes: 1r–134v and 134v–250r. Forshall and Madden believed that the last hand was identical to the last hand of MS. Bodl. 959 (1850, vol. 1, p. l), but this was questioned by Fristedt, S. L., The Wycliffe Bible, 3 vols (Stockholm: Almquvist & Wiksells, 1953–73), vol. 1, p. 88, R. W. Hunt (cited by Fristedt), and de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172. de Hamel pointed out that only the added note naming Hereford is likely to be by the last scribe of MS. Bodl. 959

Decoration

Roughly executed initials alternating deep blue with red penwork and lighter blue with red penwork. Occasionally decorated with human faces. The initials are larger at the beginnings of books (4 lines or higher) and smaller at the beginnings of chapters (most 3 lines high). The initials at the beginnings of prologues vary in size, some are similar to chapter, other to book initials. Unusual style; according to de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001) the work of an Italian artist.

Rubrics in red ink; instructions to rubricator survive (e.g., fols. 22v, 113r, etc.).

History

Origin: England ; 1390s (?)

Dialect survey:

  • (fols. 1–131v)
    • any(10), eche(9)/ech(1), fijr(8)/fyir(2), ȝiue(6)/ȝiuen(1)/ȝoue(1)/ȝouen(1)/ ȝeuen(1), lif(10), lic(10), myche(10), saȝ(7) (sg.), seȝen(5) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), such(9)/suche(1), þurȝ(8)
    • -iþ(2)/-eþ(8) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(8)/-e(2) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(8)/-onde(1)/ande(1) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(9)/þey(1) (3pl. pronoun, nom.), þem(6)hem(4) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), þer(10) (3pl. pronoun, possessive)
    • Also: birieþ/biried (‘buried’), ha (‘have’)’, sloȝ (‘slew’)
  • (fols. 132r–134v, Judith 7–Esther 2:4)
    • any(1), fijr(1), ȝiuen(1)/ȝiue(6), lif(10), myche(8)/miche(1), self(10), such(2)/ suche(1), þurȝ(2)
    • -eþ(6) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(5) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(10) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), þem(2)hem(8) (3pl. pronoun, oblique), þer(5) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)
  • (fols. 135r–250r)
    • any(10), eche(10), fyr(10), ȝiue(3)/ȝiuen(2), lif(10), lic(10), myche(10), saȝ(3) (sg.), seȝen(8) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), such(9)/suche(1), þoȝ(1), þurȝ(10)
    • -ith(1)/-eþ(9) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(9)/-e(1) (pres.ind.pl.), -ende(10) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), þem(4) hem(6) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), þer(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive) Also: knewȝ/kneȝ (‘knew’)

Provenance

‘Expliciᵗ translacōm Nicholay de herford’, added in a contemporary hand, fol. 250r. This hand may have been responsible for other additions in part I, such as the chapter numbers and corrections to the English text, e.g., those on fols. 249v–250r (de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172). It may also be identical to the last hand in MS. Bodl. 959 (de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), p. 172). The text in MS. Bodl. 959 may have been checked against MS. Douce 369, or a version similar to it, and corrected to bring it in conformance with this version. A break at the same point in the text occurs in MS. Bodl. 959 and Cambridge University Library MS. Ee. 1. 10.

MS. Douce 369, fols. 251r–485v

Contents

Language(s): Middle English with Latin

Isaiah–Acts 28:15 in the Earlier Version of the Wycliffite Bible

Missing Ezekiel 1:27–22:22 because of the loss of leaves. The books are numbered in the same way as in the first part, in the same contemporary hand, as shown in brackets after each title (see Provenance).

(fol. 251r)
Prologue to Isaiah
Rubric: Prologue to Isaye þe prophete þe firste chapl’ of Isaye
Incipit: No man when
(fol. 251r)
Isaiah (28)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ þe book of Isaye
Rubric: (in chapter 38) þe scripture of ezechie kyng of Iuda whane he hadde be syk & hadde keuerid his syknesse

Preceding ‘I seide in þe midel of my days…’ (fol. 263r).

(fol. 273r)
Prologue to Jeremiah
Rubric: Her endiþ þe book of Isaye & bigynneþ þe prolog to Ieremie
Incipit: Jeremy þe profete
(fol. 273r)
Prologue to Jeremiah
Rubric: anoþer prolog
Incipit: God is redy
(fol. 273v)
Jeremiah (29)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe book
(fol. 300v)
Lamentations of Jeremiah (30)
Rubric: heer begynneþ þe lamentacioun of Ieremye þat is in title cenoth wiþ þe soilinge out of Ebrew lettris of reed
(fol. 302v)
Prayer of Jeremiah
Rubric: here begynneþ þe orisoun of Ieremye þe profete
(fol. 303r)
Prologue to Baruch
Rubric: Prologe in baruch
(fol. 303r)
Baruch (31)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe book of Baruch
(fol. 305r)
Epistle of Jeremiah
Rubric: heer begynneþ ensaumple of þe same pistle whiche Ieremye sente to þe caitifs led aweie in to babiloyne of þe kyng of men of men[sic] of babiloyne: þat he shulde shewe to hem after þat it is comaundid to him of god
(fol. 306v)
Ezekiel (32)
Rubric: Here bigynneþ þe book of Ezechiel þe prophete
(fol. 316v)
Daniel (33)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Ezechiel and bigynneþ þe book of Daniel

In chapter 3 ‘And þei walkiden in mydil…’ (3:24) is preceded by a rubric ‘þe se þingis þat suen I foond not in Ebrew tunge [‘tunge’ underdotted and crossed out] bookis’ in red, in the hand of the rubricator (fol. 118r).

On fol. 319r a rubric underlined in red with a blue paraph, preceding ‘þanne kyng nabugodonosor…’ (3:91): ‘Hiderto is not h(a)d in ebrue & what þinges we han putte ben translatid of þe makyng of teodosion’.

On fol. 325r a rubric underlined in red: ‘Hidre to we reeden danyel in ebru oþer þingis that suen til in to þe eende of þe boke: ben translatid of þe making of theodosyon’, preceding ‘A man was in babiloyne…’ (13:1).

(fol. 326v)
Hosea (34)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Danyel þe prophete and bigynneþ þe book of Osee þe prophete þe firste chaptl
(fol. 330r)
Joel (35)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Osee: and bigynneþ þe book of Joel prophete
(fol. 331r)
Amos (36?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Joel and bigyn þe book of Amos prophete
(fol. 334r)
Obidiah (37)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Amos prophete: & bigynneþ þe book of Abdias prophete
(fol. 334v)
Jonah (38?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of abdias prophete: & bigynneþ þe book of Ionah þe prophete
(fol. 335r)
Micah (39)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book Ionas: & bigynneþ þe book of Micheas
(fol. 335r)
Nahum (40?)
Rubric: Ende of þe book of Micheas: & bigynneþ þe book of Naum prophete
(fol. 338r)
Habakkuk (41?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe[sic] of Naum prophete: and bigynneþ þe book of Abacuk prophete
(fol. 339r)
Zephaniah (42?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Abacuk þe prophete & bigynneþ þe book of Sophonye prophete
(fol. 340r)
Haggai (43?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Sophonye prophete and bigynneþ þe book of Aggey þe prophete
(fol. 341r)
Zechariah (44?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Aggey þe prophete and bigynneþ þe book of Zacharie sone of Barachias
(fol. 345r)
Malachi (45?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Zacharias þe prophete and bigynneþ þe book of Malachie prophete
(fol. 346r)
1 Maccabees (46)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of Malachie & bigynneþ þe firste book of Machabeorum
(fol. 361v)
2 Maccabees (47?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe book of þe firste Iudas machabeus & bigynneþ þe book of secunde Iudas Machabeus
(fol. 372v)
Prologue to Matthew
Rubric: Here endiþ þe storie of machabeus þe which is þe laste book of þe olde testament And now bigynneþ þe newe testament ffirst is þe prologu of Matheu apostle & euangelist
Incipit: Mathew of Iewerye
(fol. 372v)
Matthew (48)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & begynnᵗ þe gospel
(fol. 389r)
Prologue to Mark
Rubric: Here endiþ þe gospel of Mᵗ & bigynneþ þe prolog of mark
Incipit: Mark þe euangelist
(fol. 389r)
Mark (49)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe gospel
(fol. 399v)
Prologue to Luke
Rubric: Here endiþ þe gospel of mark & bigynneþ þe prolog of luk
Incipit: Lvcas of antyoche
(fol. 400v)
Luke (50)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ þe gospel
(fol. 418r)
Prologue to John
Rubric: Here endiþ þe gospel of luk & bigynneþ þe prolog of Iohn
Incipit: This is John
(fol. 418r)
John (51)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ þe gospel
(fol. 429v)
Prologue to Romans
Rubric: Here endiþ þe gospel of Iohn And now bigynneþ þe prolog of seint poul to romayns
Incipit: Fvrst vindirstond
(fol. 430r)
Romans (52)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ epistle to romyns
(fol. 437r)
Prologue to 1 Corinthinas
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to romayns and now bigynneþ þe prolog to þe firste epistle to corinthies
Incipit: Corinthies ben
(fol. 437r)
1 Corinthinas (53)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ þe epistele
(fol. 444r)
Prologue to 2 Corinthians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe firste pistle to corinthis & now bigynneþ þe prolog to þe secunde
Incipit: Aftir penaunce
(fol. 444r)
2 Corinthians (54)
Rubric: Ende of þe prolog bigynnynge þe secunde pistle
(fol. 448v)
Prologue to Galatians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe secunde pistle to corinthis and now bigynneþ þe prolog to galathies
Incipit: Galathies ben greekis
(fol. 448v)
Galatians (55)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe epitstle[sic]
(fol. 451r)
Prologue to Ephesians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to Galathies & now bigynneþ þe prolog to Ephesyes
Incipit: Ephecyes soþli ben
(fol. 451r)
Ephesians (56?)
Rubric: Ende of prolog bigynnyng capitulum primum
(fol. 453r)
Prologue to Philippians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to Ephecies & bigynneþ þe prolog to Philipencis
Incipit: Philipencis ben
(fol. 453v)
Philippians (57?)
Rubric: Ende of prolog bigynnyng þe epitstle þe firste chaptl
(fol. 455r)
Prologue to Colossians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to philipensis & bigynneþ prolog to Colocenses
Incipit: To colocensis also
(fol. 455r)
Colossians (58?)
Rubric: Ende of þe prolog bigynnynge þe epistle
(fol. 456v)
Prologue to 1 Thessalonians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to Colocensis & bigynneþ þe prolog to tessalonycensis
Incipit: Tessalonycensis ben men
(fol. 456v)
1 Thessalonians (59?)
Rubric: Ende of prolog bigynnyng þe firste pistle
(fol. 458r)
Prologue to 2 Thessalonians
Rubric: Here endiþ þe firste pestle to tessalonycensis and bigynneþ þe prolog to þe secunde pistle
Incipit: To tessalonycensis
(fol. 458r)
2 Thessalonians (60?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe secunde pistle to tessalonycensis
(fol. 458v)
Prologue to 1 Timothy
Rubric: Here endiþ þe secunde pistle to tessalonycensis & bigynneþ þe prolog to þe firste pistle to tymothe
Incipit: Tymothe þe apostle
(fol. 459r)
1 Timothy (61)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe firste pistle
(fol. 460v)
Prologue to 2 Timothy
Rubric: Here endiþ þe firste pistle to Tymothe & bigynneþ þe prolog to secunde pistle
Incipit: Also he wrytiþ
(fol. 460v)
2 Timothy (62?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe pistle
(fol. 462r)
Prologue to Titus
Rubric: Here endiþ þe secunde pistle to Tymothe & bigynneþ þe prolog to Tyte
Incipit: Tyte he counceiliþ
(fol. 462r)
Titus (63?)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe epistle to Tyte
(fol. 462v)
Prologue to Philemon
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to Tyte & bygynneþ þe prolog to ffilomon
Incipit: To ffilomon he makiþ
(fol. 463r)
Philemon (64)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog and bigynneþ þe epistle to filomon
(fol. 463r)
Prologue to Hebrews
Rubric: Here endiþ þe epistle to ffilomon & bigynneþ þe prolog to þe pistle to Ebrews
Incipit: In þe firste
(fol. 463r)
Hebrews (65)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe epistle
(fol. 468v)
Prologue to Acts
Rubric: Here enden þe epistlis of poul and now bigynneþ þe prolog to actus apostolorum
Incipit: Lvk of sirye
(fol. 468v)
Acts (66)
Rubric: Here endiþ þe prolog & bigynneþ þe lessoun

Ends imperfectly at 28:15 (‘…þre tauernes whom whanne’). Fols. 486–488 are paper flyleaves, containing notes by Douce, including a list of contents of the manuscript with folio numbers.

The text contains corrections, most over erasures, in contemporary hands. Chapter numbers and running titles with chapter numbers in red by the original rubricator. Lections outlined in red and/or marked in the margins with the opening and final letters of each passage, possibly by the original rubricator. Added material within the text is consistently underlined in red. English notes in the margins in the original hand referring to the subject matter of passages (e.g., fols. 433r, 434r, 435v, 436r, etc.). Occasionally glosses in the margins in a contemporary hand providing Latin versions of phrases (fols. 288r, 392r); cross-references among biblical books (e.g., fols. 313r, 378r); and ‘nota’ (fols. 435v, 439r, etc.). Pointing hands added in the margins, 16th century (?) (e.g., fols. 270r–v, 272r, etc.).

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: parchment
Extent: 239 leaves, c.
Dimensions (leaf): 365 × 250 mm.
; leaves were trimmed in rebinding, frequently causing the loss of text in the margins
Foliation: foliated by Douce in brown ink; 251–429 + 429* + 430–488

Collation

(fols. 251–298) I–IV (12) | (fols. 299–306) V (12–4) missing 9–12 | (fol. 307) VI (12–11) missing 1–11 | (fols. 308–474) VII–XX (12) | (fols. 475–485) XXI (12–1) missing 12 | (fols. 386–388) fols. 386–387 are paper flyleaves; fol. 388 is a paper flyleaf conjoint with the lower pastedown. Catchwords survive; quire signatures often survive: a–e before fol. 307, starting with g afterwards.
Secundo Folio: ‘hei3t of stronge’ (fol. 252r)

Layout

ruled in ink for two columns with single horizontal and vertical bounding lines, extending the full height and width of page; 48 lines per page in the first scribe’s section and 45 in the second scribe’s section; written space: variable, c. 250–255 × 165–170 mm. ; prickings occasionally visible (e.g., fol. 274)

Hand(s)

textura; the work of two scribes, first scribe: Isaiah–Mark 5:30 (fols. 251r–391v); second scribe: the rest, fols. 392r–485v (quires XIV–XXI) and possibly most of the text on fols. 385v, 389r and corrections elsewhere in the stint of the first scribe; black and brown ink

Decoration

3- to 6-line red and blue initials with red, blue and purple penwork and penwork borders at the beginnings of books; 2- to 4-line blue initials with red penwork at the beginnings of chapters and prologues. Some initials are decorated with human and animal masks, and other zoomorphic and anthropomorphic designs (e.g., fols. 372v, 385r, 444r, 451r, 453v, 456v, 459v). Simple red line-fillers at the end of texts. Drawings of human faces in the lower margin (e.g., fols. 278v, 280v) and catchwords decorated with grotesques in the section written by the first scribe.

History

Origin: England ; 14th century, last quarter (?)

Dialect survey:

  • (fols. 251r–391v)
    • any(1)/eny(9), eche(8)/ech(2), fijr(9)/fire(1), ȝouen(10), lijf(4)/lif(2)/lyf(4), liche(3)/lic(4)/like(2)/liik(1), myche(6)/moche(4), seiȝ(1)/seeȝ(2)/say(3) (sg.), sayen(2)/syȝen(1)/seien(2) (pl.), self(9)/silf(1), siche(4), þorwȝ(1)
    • -iþ(7)/-eþ(3) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(9)/-e(1) (pres.ind.pl.), -ande(1)/-yng(1)/inge(2)/-ynge(6) (pres.part.), she(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl. pronoun, nom.), hem(10) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive) Also: slowȝ (‘slow’)
  • (fols. 392r–485v)
    • ony(10), ech(10), fier(2)/fyer(7), ȝouun(9)/ȝouen(1), lyf(10), lychi(1)/liche(1)/ lich(1)/lyk(4), moche(10), syȝ(3) (sg.), seye(1) (pl.), silf(10), such(3)/suche(3)/ sich(2)/siche(2), þouȝ(5), þorw(5)/þorwȝ(1)
    • -iþ(9)/-eþ(1) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(10) (pres.ind.pl.), -ynge(7)/-inge(3) (pres. part.), she(6)/sche(4) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), hem(10) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)
    • Also: slowȝ/slouȝ (‘slew’)

Additional Information

Record Sources

Elizabeth Solopova, Manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible in the Bodleian and Oxford College Libraries, Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016), no. 17. Previously described:

Digital Images

Digital Bodleian (2 images from 35mm slides)

Bibliography

    Forshall, J. and Madden, F. (eds), The Holy Bible … in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his followers, 4 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1850), vol. 1, pp. xvii, xxxiv–xxxvi, l–li, base text for the Earlier Version of the Wycliffite Bible from Ezra to Baruch 3:20; sigla C – first part; K – second part.
    Madan, F., Summary catalogue of western manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, vol. 4 (collections received during the first half of the 19th century) nos. 16670–24330 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897), no. 21944.
    Skeat, W. W., ‘On the dialect of Wycliffe’s Bible’, Transactions of the Philological Society (1895), pp. 212–19 at pp. 217–18.
    Deanesly, M., The Lollard Bible and other medieval biblical versions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920), p. 253.
    Pope, H. and Bullough, S., English versions of the Bible (St Louis, Mo.: Herder, 1952).
    Fristedt, S. L., The Wycliffe Bible, 3 vols (Stockholm: Almquvist & Wiksells, 1953–73), passim ; sigla C and K.
    Hargreaves, H., ‘The Latin text of Purvey’s Psalter’, Medium Aevum 24 (1955), pp. 73–90 at p. 74.
    Fristedt, S. L., ‘The authorship of the Lollard Bible’, Stockholm Studies in Modern Philology 18 (1956), pp. 28–41, passim .
    Hargreaves, H., ‘The Middle English primers and the Wycliffite Bible’, Modern Language Review 51 (1956), pp. 215–17 at p. 217.
    Lindberg, C. (ed.), The earlier version of the Wycliffite Bible, 8 vols (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1959–97), vol. 8 (1997), pp. 24, 29, 70, 374, sigla ‘C’, ‘K’, ‘O’.
    Danielsson, B., review of Fristedt, The Wycliffe Bible, part II, Studia Neophilologica 44 (1972), pp. 190–5.
    David, R., ‘Francis Douce’s manuscripts: some hitherto unrecognised provenances’, Studies in the book trade in honour of Graham Pollard, Oxford Bibliographical Society Publications, n.s. 18 (Oxford, 1975), pp. 315–40 at p. 339.
    Lambert, M. D., Medieval heresy: popular movements from Bogomil to Hus (London: E. Arnold, 1977), p. 234.
    Gillam, S. G. (ed.), The Douce legacy: an exhibition to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the bequest of Francis Douce (1757–1834) (Oxford: Bodleian Library, 1984), no. 203.
    Hudson, A., Lollards and their books (London: Hambledon Press, 1985), p. 104.
    Brake, D. L. (ed.), The New Testament in English translated by John Wycliffe MCCCLXXXII; revised by John Purvey MCCCLXXXVIII (facsimile of MS. Rawl. C. 259) (Portland, Oreg.: International Bible Publications, 1986), pp. xxi–ii.
    Tanabe, H., ‘On some English renderings in the vocabulary of the Wycliffite Bible’ in Oshitari K. et al. (ed.), Philologia Anglica: essays presented to Professor Yoshio Terasawa on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday (Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 1988), pp. 389–402 at pp. 389 n. 1.
    Catto, J. I., ‘Wyclif and Wycliffism at Oxford’ in Catto, J. I. and Evans, R. (eds), The history of the University of Oxford, vol. 2, Late medieval Oxford (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), pp. 175–261 at p. 225.
    Lindberg, C. (ed.), King Henry’s Bible, MS. Bodley 277: the revised version of the Wyclif Bible, 4 vols (Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1999–2004), vol. 3, p. 5. Scott, K. L. (gen. ed.), An index of images in English manuscripts from the time of Chaucer to Henry VIII, c.1380–c.1509: the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 3 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000–02), vol. 2, p. 41, no. 493. de Hamel, C., The book: a history of the Bible (London: Phaidon, 2001), pp. 170–3, fig. 120. Dove, M., The first English Bible: the text and context of the Wycliffite versions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 256–7, 299 and passim .
    Peikola M., ‘Aspects of mise-en-page in manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible’, in Caie G. and Renevey D. (eds.), Medieval texts in context (London: Routledge, 2008), pp. 28–67 at p. 40.

Last Substantive Revision

2023-03-24: Add Solopova description.