A catalogue of Western manuscripts at the Bodleian Libraries and selected Oxford colleges

MS. Gough Eccl. Top. 5

Summary Catalogue no.: 17681

Contents

Language(s): Middle English with Latin

Four originally blank parchment flyleaves at the beginning, the last three numbered i–iii (see Provenance).

1. (fols. 1r–235r)
New Testament in the Later Version of the Wycliffite Bible with usual prologues and rubrics

E.g., ‘Her endiþ þe gospel of matheu and bigynneþ þe prologe on þe gospel of mark’; ‘þis seiþ Ierom in his prologe on Mark. Her bigynneþ þe gospel on mark’, fol. 31r–v). Running titles on both rectos and versos, most consisting of abbreviated titles and chapter numbers of biblical books, in red, preceded by blue paraphs. Chapter numbers in red, usually ‘c(apitulu)m’ followed by a Roman numeral. Red and blue paraphs at the start of sections within the text. Corrections in the original or contemporary hands; some omitted passages are added in the margins in red frames. A passage omitted at Luke 1 (fol. 50v) is added by the original scribe on a narrow leaf inserted after fol. 50. Some omitted words and passages are added in the margins in an early modern hand (e.g., fols. 40v, 119v, 126v, 128v, etc.). No marginal glosses; added material within the text is not underlined; occasionally cross-references to biblical books in the margins. Indexing letters entered in the margins at the beginnings of lections, rather than consistently. The beginnings of lections are also often marked within the text with red wash, and red or blue paraphs. Some lections are accompanied by added notes in Latin in a 15th-century hand, specifying the liturgical occasion (e.g., fols. 4v, 55r, 57r, 111r, 160r, etc.). ‘Nota’ marking didactic and moral passages, but also 1 Corinthians 14:18: ‘I thanke my god for I speke in þe langage of alle ȝou…’ (fol. 126r).

2. (fols. 235v–243r)
Table of lections of Type II
Rubric: þe pistlis & þe gospels of þe newe testament vn to seint andrewes euyn

Containing only New Testament readings. Written in a different ink, and probably by a scribe different from the scribe of the New Testament, on pages ruled for one or two columns, but not specially for a table of lections. Contains the temporal, followed by a short sanctoral (rubric: ‘ffrom andrewis euyn vnto þe comune þe proper pistlis & gospelis’) that includes the feasts of Nicholas, George, Thomas Becket, Martin, Lawrence, Denis and Clement. The sanctoral is followed by a detailed common (rubric: ‘ffrom heþen þe pistlis & þe gospels of þe comune’) and commemorations of the Virgin Mary, Trinity, Cross, the Holy Ghost, brothers and sisters, peace, clear weather, rain, battle and pestilence, angels, ‘for hym silf’, ‘for pestilence of beestis’, ‘ffor weyferynge men’, sins, sick, weddings, pilgrims, ‘Masse of requiem’. The entries consist of the name of a liturgical occasion in black or red, abbreviated reference to a book and chapter of the Bible, an indexing letter, the opening words of a reading, ‘ende’ and the closing words of a reading, all in black.

3. (fol. 243r)
A list of New Testament books in English

Fols. 243v–246v were originally blank (see Provenance).

Physical Description

Form: codex
Support: parchment
Extent: 251 leaves, c.
Dimensions (leaf): 195 × 138 mm.
, trimmed in rebinding
Foliation: modern in pencil and ink, unnumbered leaf, i–iii + 1–49 + 50a + 50* + 51–246

Collation

(unnumbered leaf, fols. i–iii) I (8–4) missing 5–8 | (fols. 1–48) II–VII (8) | (fols. 49–56) VIII (8+1) 3rd inserted | (fols. 57–240) IX–XXXI (8) | (fols. 241–246) XXXII (8–2) missing 4, 5. Catchwords survive; quire signatures run consecutively a–p (fols. 1–120), followed by two quires without signatures (fols. 121–136), followed by quires signed r–z (fols. 137–192), & (abbreviation for ‘and’), abbreviation for ‘con-’ (fols. 193–208) and 1–4 (fols. 209–240).
Secundo Folio: ‘apperide in’ (fol. 2r)

Layout

ruled in plummet for two columns, with single vertical and double horizontal bounding lines, extending the full height and width of page; additional sets of two bounding lines in the upper, lower and outer margins; 31 lines per page; written space: c. 128–130 × 90 mm. ; prickings survive

Hand(s)

textura, black and brown ink; the table of lections is probably by a different scribe

Decoration

4- to 8-line blue initials with red penwork and penwork borders at the beginning of books; 3- to 4-line similar initials at the beginning of prologues, and 3- to 6-line similar initials at the beginning of chapters.

Rubrics in red ink; blue paraphs at the start of sections within the text.

Binding

Medieval oak boards covered with blue marbled paper. ‘John Wyklif’s | Translation of | The New Testament | MS.’ handwritten in ink on spine; fragmentary paper label with ‘90(?)1’ on spine.

History

Origin: England ; 15th century, first quarter

Dialect survey:

  • ony(9)/any(1), ech(9)/eche(1), fire(3)/fier(7), ȝyue(n)(3)/ȝoue(n)(7), lyf(10), lyk(5)/lik(5), myche(10), siȝ(7)/syȝ(1)/sayȝ(1) (sg.), sayen(3)/siȝen(3) (pl.), silf(9)/self(1), siche(10), þouȝ(8), þorou(3)/þoruȝ(3)/þorouȝ(4)
  • -iþ(5)/-eþ(5) (pres.ind.3sg.), -en(10) (pres.ind.pl.), -ynge(7)/-yng(1)/-inge(2) (pres.part.) sche(10) (3sg.fem.pronoun, nom.), þei(10) (3pl.pronoun, nom.), hem(10) (3pl.pronoun, oblique), her(10) (3pl.pronoun, possessive)

Provenance and Acquisition

Copy of the Latin will of Robert Thoft of St Botulph’s at Lincoln (?), dated 11 April 1415 (fol. 244v). Mentions hospital of St Catherine ‘iuxta Lincoln’, Richard Eston, Thomas Godney (or Gedney), guild of St Trinity, guild of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, Juliana (wife) and William (son).

A 15th-century clerical (?) owner who marked the lections within the text and added Latin notes specifying the liturgical occasions when they were appointed to be read (see Text).

William Turner (1509/10–1568), naturalist and religious controversialist, dean of Wells, 1563; see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: ‘Amen W T’ (fol. 96r); ‘1563’, ‘Docter turner | in Welles. 12. daye auguste | Dean of Welles’ (fol. 243v). Also ‘Jane Turner(fol. 1r) and ‘Wennyfred Turner(fol. 246v). Corrections in the margins in an early modern hand (see Text).

William Mylett est nomen eius’ (fol. 246r), 16th century (?).

Daniel Waterland (1683–1740), theologian, rector of Walesby and Flixborough, Lincolnshire; see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: note on fol. iii verso may be in his hand.

John Lewis (1675–1747), Church of England clergyman and antiquary; see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: received the manuscript from Waterland and made it the base text of the gospels in Lewis (1731).

Ebenezer Mussel of Bethnal Green in London: purchased from the executors of Lewis for £4-0-0 (fol. iii verso).

William Herbert (1718–1795), bibliographer and printseller; see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: bought at Mussell’s sale (Langford of Covent Garden) in May 1766 (fol. iii recto) (see de Hamel (1997), p. 90 and n. 13). Lot 901 in his sale on 21 November 1798.

Richard Gough (1735–1809); see Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Bodleian Library: bequeathed by Gough; received in 1809.

Record Sources

Elizabeth Solopova, Manuscripts of the Wycliffite Bible in the Bodleian and Oxford College Libraries, Exeter Medieval Texts and Studies (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2016), no. 24. Previously described:

Bibliography

    Lewis, J. (ed.), The New Testament of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ translated out of the Latin Vulgat by John Wiclif (London: John March, 1731).
    Forshall, J. and Madden, F. (eds), The Holy Bible … in the earliest English versions made from the Latin Vulgate by John Wycliffe and his followers, 4 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1850), vol. 1, pp. i, l.
    Madan, F., Summary catalogue of western manuscripts in the Bodleian Library at Oxford, vol. 4 (collections received during the first half of the 19th century) nos. 16670–24330 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1897), no. 17681.
    Fristedt, S. L., The Wycliffe Bible, 3 vols (Stockholm: Almquvist & Wiksells, 1953–73), vol. 1, p. 2.
    Hudson, A., ‘Lollard book production’, in Griffiths, J. and Pearsall, D. A. (eds), Book production and publishing in Britain 1375–1475 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), pp. 125–42, p. 140 n. 29. de Hamel, C., ‘The selling and collecting of manuscripts of Nicholas Love’s Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus Christ since the Middle Ages’ in Oguro, S., Beadle, R. and Sargent, M. G. (eds), Nicholas Love at Waseda: proceedings of the international conference, 20–22 July 1995 (Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, 1997), pp. 87–97 at p. 90.
    Scott, K. L. (gen. ed.), An index of images in English manuscripts from the time of Chaucer to Henry VIII, c.1380–c.1509: the Bodleian Library, Oxford, 3 vols (Turnhout: Harvey Miller Publishers, 2000–02), vol. 2, p. 50, no. 525.
    Dove, M., The first English Bible: the text and context of the Wycliffite versions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007), pp. 61 n. 124, 75 n. 48, 300.

Last Substantive Revision

2023-03-24: Add Solopova description.