A catalogue of Western manuscripts at the Bodleian Libraries and selected Oxford colleges

MS. Buchanan g. 1

Former shelfmark: MS. Lat. liturg. e. 22

Contents

Book of Hours, Use of Rome
Language(s): Latin

[Item 1 occupies quire I]

(fols. 1r-12v)

Calendar

With an entry for most days of the year; each month headed by a note on the length of the calendar month in red; the left-hand columns consisting of only the golden number and dominical letter (i.e. omitting the Roman calendar, etc.); major feasts (in red) include Antony Abbot (17 Jan.), the Virgin 'ad niues' (5 Aug.), and Francis (4 Oct.); feasts in ordinary ink include Gilbert of Sempringham (4 Feb.), Thomas Aquinas (8 [recte 7] Mar.), the Stigmatization of Francis (17 Sept.), the translation of Clare (2 Oct.), the octave of Francis (11 Oct.), and the dedication of S. Salvator (8 Nov.).

[Items 2–4 occupy quires II-VIII]

(fols. 13r-77r)

Hours of the Virgin, Use of Rome

Rubric: Incipit offitium[sic] beate marie uirginis secundum consuetudinem romane curie

with three lessons at Matins; followed by variant Matins psalms and antiphons for (fols. 60r-64v) Tuesdays and Thursdays, and (fols. 64v-68v) Wednesdays and Saturdays; and (fol. 68v-77r) seasonal variants.

(fols. 77r-80v)

Hours of the Cross

Rubric: Incipit officium sancte crucis
(fol. 81r-v)

Prayer attributed to St. Anselm

Rubric: Oratio sancti anselmi
Incipit: Domine deus meus si feci ut essem reus tuus
Explicit: et absterge quod est meum: Qui cum patre
(also found in MS. Lat. liturg. g. 5, pp. 242–244; see also Ker, MMBL, I, 105 art. 16, 170 art. 4, etc.); the prayer is based on a portion of Anselm's second Meditation, see Franciscus Salesius Schmitt, S. Anselmi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi opera omnia (6 vols., Edinburgh, etc., 1946–51), III (1946), pp. 82–3, ll. 86ff.)

[Items 5–11 occupy quires IX-XVIII]

(fols. 82r-94r)

The Seven Penitential Psalms.

(fols. 94r-104v)

Litany and collects

The litany including Jerome in red (all others in plain ink) sixth among nine bishops, confessors, and doctors; followed (fols. 101v-104v) by the ten usual collects (listed under MS. Buchanan e. 5), the fifth (fol. 102v) mentioning to '... famulo tuo .N. pontifici nostro ...'.

(fols. 105r-106v)

Hours of the Holy Spirit

Starting imperfect in Matins (in the prayer Omnipotens sempiterne deus da nobis illam ... at '[penteco]||stes transmisisti ...'), due to the loss of a leaf before fol. 105; and ending imperfect in Compline after the first versicle (at '... Deus in ad[iutorium]: R' ||'), due to the loss of a leaf after fol. 106.

(fols. 107r-153v)

Office of the Dead, Use of Rome.

(fols. 154r-165v)

The Gradual Psalms [Pss. 119–133]

Rubric: Canticum graduum absolute incipitur: psalmi semper dicuntur sedendo: Orationes et uersiculi flexis genibus:

Each group of five psalms followed by responses, versicles, and a collect; the latter are:

(fols. 157v-158r)
Incipit: Absolue quesumus domine animas famulorum
(fol. 161v)
Incipit: Deus cui proprium est misereri semper et parcere
(fol. 165v)
Incipit: Pretende domine famulis et famulabus tuis
(as in Randall, Walters Art Gallery cat., vol. II, pt. 2, no. 169 fols. 19v-20v).
(fols. 166r-177v)

Long Hours of the Holy Spirit

Rubric: Incipit officium magnum sancti spiritus:
(fols. 178r-179v)

Psalm 90

Rubric: Iste psalmus est deuotissimus et maxime uirtutis:
(cf. MS. Lat. liturg. g. 4, fols. 128r-130r; also Ker, MMBL, I, 105 art. 15, 356 art. 3, etc.).

[Items 12–14 occupy quires XIX-XXI]

(fols. 180r-205r)

Long Hours of the Cross

Rubric: Incipit officium magnum sancte crucis:

with three lessons at Matins.

(fols. 205v-207v)

The Seven Prayers of St. Gregory, carrying an indulgence

Rubric: Oratio piissima sancti gregorii pape qui concessit omnibus penitentibus et confessis dicentibus ... apud ymaginem pietatis: quatuordecim milia annorum indulgentie: ...

with only six verses, in the following order: 'O Domine ihesu christe adoro te in cruce pendentem ... in cruce uulneratum ... in sepulcro positum ... resurgentem a mortuis ... pastor bone ... propter illam amaritudinem ...' (cf. versions pr. by Leroquais, Livres d'heures, II, 346; and Wordsworth, Horae Eboracenses, 81); the first ten lines of fol. 205v ruled, but otherwise blank, as if intended for a miniature (see the note under Decoration, concerning fol. 207v).

(fols. 207v-208v)

Prayer to St. Sebastian

Incipit: Omnipotens sempiterne deus: qui beati sebastiani martiris tui
Explicit: et inprouisa morte liberentur: Per christum

preceded by a ten-line space (see the note under Decoration); fol. 209r-v ruled, otherwise blank.

[Items 15–28 occupy quires XXII-XXVI]

(fols. 210r-221r)

Mass of the Virgin

Rubric: Ad missam sancte marie maioris:

the postcommunion followed by five prayers (fols. 218v-221r):

Incipit: Aue sanctissimum pretiosissimum dulcissimum corpus christi
Explicit: in odorem suauitatis dominum nostrum ihesum christum
(cf. the version pr. by Leroquais, Livres d'heures, II, 341)
Incipit: Aue sanctissima christi caro summa uite mee dulcedo:
Explicit: et corpus meum in uitam eternam amen
Incipit: Aue celestis potus ante omnia et super omnia
Explicit: ad remedium sempiternum in uitam eternam amen
Incipit: Corpus tuum domine quod sumpsi et calicem quem potaui
Explicit: ubi tam pura introierunt et sancta sacramenta
Incipit: Gratias tibi refero domine gratiarum actiones tue
Explicit: et gaudia sempiterna sanctorum amen
(fols. 221r-228v)

Prayer to the Virgin

Rubric: De domina nostra:

in two sections, the first (fols. 221r-226v):

Incipit: Domina mea sancta maria perpetua: uirgo uirginum
Explicit: suppliciter exoro et deuote

followed by a rubric:

Rubric: Hic lege septem aue maria et nominarem pro qua petis et tu:

and continuing with a two-line initial (fols. 226v-228v)

Incipit: Ut sicut ego certus sum quos dilectus filius tuus
Explicit: et in hoc seculo concede:
(fols. 228v-230r)

Hymn to John the Evangelist

Rubric: Sequitur oratio bona de sancto iohanne apostolo et euangelista:
Incipit: Contemplator trinitatis speculumque ueritatis iohannes apostole
(Chevalier 3846).
(fols. 230r-231r)

Hymn on the Seven Joys of Mary Magdalen

Rubric: De sancta maria magdalena: oratio:
Incipit: Gaude pia magdalena spes salutis uite uena lapsorum fidutia:
(ibid., no. 6895)
(fols. 231r-233v)

Prayer attributed to St. Thomas Aquinas

Rubric: Oratio sancti Thome de aquino:
Incipit: Concede michi misericors deus que tibi placita sunt ardenter concupiscere
Explicit: tuis gaudiis in patria frui per gloriam: Qui uiuis et regnas.
(pr. A. I. Doyle, 'A prayer attributed to St Thomas Aquinas', Dominican Studies 1 no. 3 (1948), 234–8, at 234, 236).
(fols. 233v-239v)

Prayer for protection against one's enemies

Rubric: Oratio contra aduersarios
Incipit: O dulcissime et pijssime et clementissime domine ihesu christe uere filius dei qui de sinu patris omnipotentis missus es in hunc mundum relaxare peccata:
Explicit: et liberare me :N: de afflictione ... preparasti uere diligentibus te: tibi gratias refero qui uiuis et regnas
(a version of this prayer is in MS. Lat. liturg. g. 4, fols. 162v-169v, where it is attributed to Augustine).
(fols. 239v-240r)

Prayer in the form of a series of petitions

Rubric: Oratio:
Incipit: Benedicat me imperialis maiestas:
(pr. Wordsworth, Horae Eboracenses, 88).
(fols. 240r-246r)

Hymn, in the form of an exposition of the Salve regina

Rubric: Deuotissima expositio super salue regina:

with each word or phrase of the Salve regina in red, followed by a quatrain:

Incipit: Salue: Salue uirgo uirginum que genuisti filium stella matutina:
(Chevalier 18318); followed by another quatrain (fols. 245v-246r):
Rubric: Qua finita dicuntur isti versus:
Incipit: Has uideas laudes qui sacra uirgine gaudes:
Explicit: Pretereundo caue ne taceatur aue:
(Chevalier 7687; James A. Corbett, 'A fifteenth-century Book of Hours from Salisbury', Ephemerides Liturgicae 71 fasc. iv-v (1957), 293–307, 302), this often occurs as a rubric before the exposition on the Salve regina).
(fols. 246r-247v)

Passion narrative

Rubric: Passio domini nostri ihesu c[h]risti secundum Johannem:
(the usual paraphrase of John 19:1–34, with additions from John 18:4, and Matthew 27:30 & 27:34, cf. MS. Buchanan e. 9, fols. 116v-118r; pr. Wordsworth, Horae Eboracenses, 123).
(fols. 247v-251v)

The Athanasian Creed

Rubric: Simbolum athanasii:
Incipit: Quicumque uult
(fols. 252r-254v, rubric on fols. 251v-252r)

Hymn in the form of an exposition of the Ave Maria, carrying an indulgence of Pope Honorius II

Rubric: Incipit salutatio beate uirginis marie quam quicumque deuote dixerit habet indulgentiam ducentorum dierum ex parte domini honorii pape secundi:

with each word or phrase of the Ave Maria in red, followed by a quatrain:

Incipit: Aue dei genitrix et immaculata uirgo celi gaudium toti mundo grata:
(Chevalier 1761; pr. F. J. Mone, Lateinische Hymnen des Mittelalters, aus Handschriften herausgegeben und erklärt, II: Marienlieder (Freiburg im Breisgau, 1854), 100–3), here with an extra quatrain at the end:
Explicit: Ad haec uirgo celica: det nobis solamen: Et sanctis similiter pium confortamen: Omnes sancte uirgines pium quoque flamen: Qui regnat in secula seculorum Amen:
(fols. 255r-257v, rubric on fols. 254v-155r)
Devotion to the Seven Last Words, attributed to Bede
Rubric: Hanc orationem fecit uenerabilis beda presbiter de septem sacratis uerbis ... quicumque eam dixerit omni mane genuflexo ... mater domini apparebit in adiutorium sibi triginta diebus ante mortem suam: Oratio:
Incipit: Domine ihesu c[h]riste pater meus qui septem uerba in ultima hora tue uite
Explicit: et iocunderis in regno meo per infinita secula seculorum: Amen
(very similar to the version pr. by Wordsworth, Horae Eboracenses, 141–2), each phrase introducing Christ's words written in red, e.g.: '... Et sicut tu domine dixisti: +: Pater ignosce crucifigentibus me: ....'.
(fols. 257v-259v)

Sequence from the Mass for the Dead

Rubric: Sequentia mortuorum:
Incipit: Dies ire dies illa
(Chevalier 4626; pr. Analecta hymnica, LIV (1915), 269–70).

Physical Description

Secundo Folio: (Calendar) 'KL Februarius
Secundo Folio: (text, fol. 14r) ⟨[domi-]⟩nus tecum
Form: codex
Support: Parchment, generally of very fine quality.
Extent: ii (modern paper, detached) + ii (modern parchment) + 259 + ii (modern parchment) + ii (modern paper).
Dimensions (leaf): 117–8 × 89–90 mm.
Decoration somewhat cropped
Dimensions (ruled): 65 × 45–6 mm.
(main text)
Dimensions (ruled): 69–70 × 45–6 mm.
(calendar)
Dimensions (written): 63–4 × 45–60 mm.
Foliation: Foliated in modern pencil: i-iv, 1–263; a previous (17th-century?) foliation in black ink in arabic numerals, in the lower right corner of rectos, is largely cropped; it sometimes runs one or more in advance of the present foliation, e.g. '42' (fol. 41r), '54' (fol. 53r), '18[?]' (fol. 178r), but sometimes runs behind, e.g. '84'-'92' (fols. 83r-91r), so firm deductions cannot be made about whether leaves were already missing when this foliation was supplied.

Collation

Mostly in quires of 10 leaves: I12 (fols. 1–12) | II-VIII10 (fols. 13–81) | IX-X10 (fols. 82–101), XI10–2 (4th and 7th leaves, a bifolium, missing after fols. 104 and 106) (fols. 102–109), XII-XVIII10 (fols. 110–179) | XIX-XXI10 (fols. 180–209) | XXII-XXVI10 (fols. 210–259) vertical CATCHWORDS in the script of the main text, written sideways, downwards, on the right vertical bounding-line, slightly below the bottom line of text, are present throughout except in quires which contain the end of a major textual unit (i.e. quires I, VIII, XVIII, XXI, and XXVI), that on fol. 129v with a calligraphic flourish early modern(?) QUIRE SIGNATURES 'f' and 'j' at the lower right edge of the first rectos of quires VII and XI (fols. 62r, 102r) (the series omits the calendar, but uses both 'i' and 'j'); modern pencil QUIRE NUMBERS in the bottom gutter corner, largely cropped (e.g. fol. 82r, '9'), perhaps by Simier (see under Binding, and cf. MS. Buchanan f. 4).

Layout

15 lines ruled in pale brown ink, between single vertical bounding lines extending the full height of the page, the horizontals possibly ruled with a multi-nibbed implement (see e.g. fols. 2r, 116r, 139r, where the horizontals all overshoot the vertical bounding line by about the same distance); single prickings in the fore-edge margin, about 4 mm. (i.e. one line's height) below the bottom horizontal ruled line, and in the lower gutter margin, perhaps for registering the ruling implement; 14 lines of text per page

The calendar with 16 ruled lines, with single vertical bounding lines extending the full height of the page. 16 lines of text per page (all but the start of February written above the top ruled line)

Hand(s)

Written in a fine regular rounded Italian gothic bookhand, in two sizes of script according to liturgical function

Decoration

Headings in red (not identical to the red of the pen-flourishing of initials).

Six (of an intended eight?-see below) historiated initials of varying size; each surrounded by full borders divided into panels by gold fillets (similar in arrangement to MS. Buchanan e. 7); some with a 'yhs' monogram of S. Bernardino in the upper border:

  • (fol. 13r) Hours of the Virgin. Nine-line initial D[omine] with the Virgin and Child; the outer border with three prophets, two of them holding scrolls, inscribed 'SACER'(?) (Zacharias?), and 'SACHIEL'(?) (Ezekiel?), the lower border with two angels supporting a wreath enclosing a blank shield (Pächt & Alexander, 2, pl. XXIX no. 324).
  • (fol. 82r) Penitential Psalms. Seven-line initial D[omine] with King David playing the psaltery; the outer border with the severed head of Goliath; two prophets, one holding a scroll inscribed 'IERM' (Jeremiah); the lower border with a deer resting in a landscape.
  • (fol. 107r) Office of the Dead. Eight-line initial D[ilexi] with a funeral scene: a priest and four other clerics standing over a shrouded corpse; the outer border with three further clerics and five skulls, the lower border with an elderly white-bearded man holding and contemplating a skull; all are tonsured, and wear grey habits, the priest has an orange and gold cope over his.
  • (fol. 154r) Gradual Psalms. Six-line initial A[d] with the Presentation of the Virgin by Joachim and Anne, at the steps of the temple; the outer border with three Old Testament figures, holding scrolls inscribed 'IXAIE'(?) (Isaiah?), 'ABRAAM' (Abraham), and 'MOIXE' (Moses), the lower margin with a horned deer resting in a landscape.
  • (fol. 166r) Hours of the Holy Spirit. Seven-line initial D[omine] with Pentecost; the outer border with four figures, one holding a scroll inscribed 'ABACVCO' (Habacuc), the lowermost figure in a landscape which is continuous with the scenes in the lower border: a saint pointing to rays of light, with a kneeling youth, perhaps in a dry river-bed, the figure in the lower right corner also apparently looking towards the source of light; the upper border with the cross-nimbed Dove.
  • (fol. 180r) Long Hours of the Cross. Eight-line initial D[omine] with the Crucifixion, with the Virgin and John; the border with St. Peter, the Virgin, and Mary Magdalene (or John the Evangelist?), the latter in a landscape continuous from the lower border, which has the Man of Sorrows displaying his wounds.

On fol. 207v there is a ten-line space preceding the prayer to St. Sebastian, next to which there is a note in the margin in Italian, in small cursive script in red ink, presumably intended for an illuminator: '[q]ui ua sancto | sebastiano.'. The top ten lines of fol. 205v have also been left blank, presumably also for a miniature (perhaps representing the Mass of St. Gregory?), but no marginal note is evident there.

One six-line historiated initial, with a three-sided foliate and floral border: (fol. 77r) Hours of the Cross. Crucifixion, with the Virgin and John; the lower border with a gold cross amid the foliage and flowers.

Five-line foliate and floral initials on a square gold field at the start of the hours of Lauds to Compline of the Hours of the Virgin (fols. 24v, 35r, 39r, 42v, 45v, 49r, 56r); similar (mostly) four-line initials at the hours of Lauds to Compline of the Long Hours of the Cross (fols. 190r (six-line), 192r (five-line), 194r, 196r, 198r, 200r, 202v); a four-line initial in blue with red penwork to the exposition on the Salve regina (fol. 240r); similar three-line initials to the Mass of the Virgin and selected prayers (fols. 210r, 221r, 233v (red with purple penwork), 252r); similar two-line initials to the KL monograms in the calendar; similar two-line initials alternately in blue with red penwork, or red with purple penwork, to psalms, lessons, canticles, hymns, etc.; plain one-line initials alternately in red or blue, to verses and other minor textual divisions.

Pächt & Alexander attributed the illumination to 'the same hand as London, BL, Add. MS. 19417. Closely related to the style of Giovanni di Giuliano Boccardi.' (on whom see Levi d'Ancona, Miniatura e miniatori a Firenze, 149–54). Prof. Alexander now suggests that the style of the present manuscript is perhaps closer to that of Mariano del Buono di Jacopo (1433–1504?) (on whom see ibid, 175–81; and Annarosa Garzelli, 'Le immagini, gli autori, i destinatari', in La miniatura fiorentina del Rinascimento, 1440–1525: un primo censimento ed. Annarosa Garzelli (Inventari e cataloghi toscani, 18–19: 2 vols., Florence, 1985), I, 5–391, and pls., at 189–215; and cf. MS. Buchanan e. 7, attributed to the same artist). The comparison with BL, Add. MS. 19417 remains valid.

Binding

19th-century Parisian signed binding by (Alphonse?) Simier (see the note under MS. Buchanan f. 4). Sewing not clearly visible; red, white, and green endbands; bound in dark blue leather over pasteboards; each cover with a gilt scrollwork and foliate panel design; the spine with four false raised bands, dividing it into five compartments, each with a simple panel in gilt, the second compartment lettered: 'PRAECES PIAE'; 'SIMIER.R[ELIEUR].DU ROI' stamped at the bottom of the spine, on fol. i verso, and on the bottom turn-in of the lower board; one red silk bookmark; the edges of the leaves and boards gilt; two wove paper endleaves and two modern parchment endleaves at each front and back of the volume. The turn-ins of a previous binding have left slight impressions around the edges of the first and last original leaves.

History

Origin: Italian, Florence ; 15th century, late

Provenance and Acquisition

Probably made without a specific patron in mind: the shield for a coat of arms on fol. 13r has been left blank.

Unidentified 17th-century(?) owner prior to the present binding: responsible for the ink foliation, which has been cropped.

Unidentified 18th/19th-century French bookseller (?), after the date of the present binding: inscribed in pencil in the lower gutter corner of fol. ii recto: '1345'.

Messrs. Boone, London booksellers, (see Introduction): inscribed in pencil in the top right corner of the upper pastedown and in the top left corner of the lower pastedown with their price-code (cf. MSS. Buchanan e. 2 and e. 3).

John (or Thomas?) Buchanan, bought from Boone on 16 April 1862 for £30 (see Introduction): inscribed in pencil with the 'Descriptive list' number, '1.', in the upper left corner of the upper pastedown, on a mark apparently made by a small rectangular adhesive label.

Rt. Hon. T. R. Buchanan (1846–1911)

Given to the Bodleian by his widow, Mrs. E. O. Buchanan, in 1939, when it was accessioned as MS. Lat. liturg. e. 22; re-referenced as MS. Buchanan g. 1 in 1941.

Record Sources

Adapted from Peter Kidd, Medieval Manuscripts from the Collection of T. R. Buchanan in the Bodleian Library, Oxford (Oxford, 2001)

Digital Images

Digital Bodleian (1 image from 35mm slides)

Bibliography

    Printed descriptions:

    S. J. P. van Dijk, Latin Liturgical Manuscripts in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, vol. 4: Books of Hours (typescript, 1957), p. 318

Last Substantive Revision

2017-07-01: First online publication.